Nursing Elites

1. The difference between diploid and haploid is as follows:

• A. Diploid organisms are multicellular
• B. Diploid cells are somatic
• C. Diploid cells have two sets of homologous chromosomes
• D. More than one of the above is true

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Option B correctly states that diploid cells are somatic cells that make up the body tissues and organs in an organism, while haploid cells are gametes involved in sexual reproduction. Option C accurately differentiates diploid and haploid cells based on their chromosome sets – diploid cells have two sets of homologous chromosomes (one from each parent), whereas haploid cells have one set of unpaired chromosomes. Therefore, the correct choice is D, as both statements in options B and C are accurate descriptions of the differences between diploid and haploid cells. Option A is incorrect because diploid and haploid refer to the number of sets of chromosomes in a cell, not whether the organism is multicellular or not.

2. Which one is not a reactant in photosynthesis?

• A. Water
• B. Light energy
• C. Glucose
• D. Carbon dioxide

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Glucose. Glucose is not a reactant in photosynthesis but a product. During photosynthesis, plants use water, carbon dioxide, and light energy as reactants to produce glucose and oxygen. Water is essential for the process of photosynthesis, along with carbon dioxide and light energy. Light energy is necessary for the light-dependent reactions to occur, which eventually leads to the production of glucose. Carbon dioxide is absorbed by plants through tiny pores called stomata and is used in the Calvin cycle to synthesize glucose. Therefore, glucose is the product of photosynthesis, not a reactant.

3. The mixture of gases surrounding a planet is referred to as its ______.

• A. Atmosphere
• B. Stratosphere
• C. Biosphere
• D. Troposphere

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The mixture of gases surrounding a planet is referred to as its atmosphere. The atmosphere plays a crucial role in supporting life on Earth by providing oxygen, regulating carbon dioxide levels, and shielding the planet from harmful radiation. While the stratosphere, troposphere, and other layers are part of the atmosphere, the term 'atmosphere' encompasses the entire gaseous envelope surrounding a planet. The stratosphere, troposphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere are specific layers within the atmosphere, each with distinct characteristics and functions.

4. Tonicity refers to the movement of:

• A. Water
• B. Solute
• C. Cells
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Tonicity refers to the movement of water across a membrane in response to differences in solute concentration. In a hypertonic solution, where there is a higher concentration of solutes outside the cell, water will move out of the cell to try to reach equilibrium. In a hypotonic solution, where there is a lower concentration of solutes outside the cell, water will move into the cell to balance the concentrations. Cells and solutes themselves do not actively move in response to tonicity; it is the movement of water that helps achieve equilibrium. Therefore, the correct answer is water (Choice A). Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as tonicity specifically refers to water movement and not the movement of solutes, cells, or none of the above.

5. In an example of a male with hemophilia and a female carrier, what ratio of the offspring are predicted neither to carry nor to manifest the disease?

• A. 0 females : 1 male
• B. 1 female : 1 male
• C. 1 female : 0 males
• D. 2 females : 1 male

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the male offspring will inherit the Y chromosome from the father and the X chromosome from the carrier mother. As a result, they will not have the hemophilia gene. The female offspring will inherit one X chromosome from the mother, which does not carry the hemophilia gene, and one X chromosome from the father, which does not exist due to the Y chromosome. Therefore, all female offspring will not carry or manifest hemophilia, resulting in a ratio of 2 females to 1 male. Choice A is incorrect because it does not account for the female offspring. Choices B and C are incorrect as they do not reflect the correct ratio based on the inheritance pattern of hemophilia.

Similar Questions