Nursing Elites

1. Which organelle is involved in the synthesis of proteins?

• A. Endoplasmic Reticulum
• B. Ribosomes
• C. Lysosomes
• D. Vacuoles

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Ribosomes are the organelles involved in the synthesis of proteins. They are the cellular machinery responsible for translating mRNA into proteins, making them essential for cell function and structure. The other organelles listed, such as the Endoplasmic Reticulum, Lysosomes, and Vacuoles, have different functions unrelated to protein synthesis. The Endoplasmic Reticulum plays a role in protein processing and transport, Lysosomes are involved in digestion and waste removal, and Vacuoles are responsible for storage and maintaining cell turgor pressure.

2. Which molecules contain only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen?

• A. Lipids and proteins
• B. Carbohydrates and lipids
• C. Proteins and carbohydrates
• D. Nucleic acids and proteins

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Carbohydrates and lipids are the molecules that contain only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates such as sugars and starches are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1, while lipids such as fats and oils are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen as well. Lipids typically contain more carbon and hydrogen atoms compared to oxygen atoms. Proteins contain nitrogen in addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, while nucleic acids contain phosphorus in addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they include molecules that contain elements other than carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

3. Enzymes are typically _ _.

• A. Fats
• B. Proteins
• C. Sugars
• D. Neurons

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Enzymes are typically proteins that act as biological catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions in living organisms. While most enzymes are made of proteins, a few exceptions, known as ribozymes, are made of RNA. Proteins are composed of amino acids arranged in specific sequences that give enzymes their unique shape and functionality. Choice A, 'Fats,' is incorrect as enzymes are not typically composed of fats. Choice C, 'Sugars,' is incorrect as enzymes are not typically composed of sugars. Choice D, 'Neurons,' is incorrect as neurons are a type of cell in the nervous system, not typically associated with enzymes.

4. Ocean waves may tear sponges into pieces, each of which may grow into a new sponge. What is this form of reproduction called?

• A. Budding
• B. Vegetative propagation
• C. Binary fission
• D. Fragmentation

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Fragmentation is the form of asexual reproduction where an organism breaks into fragments, and each fragment can grow into a new individual. In the case of sponges being torn into pieces by ocean waves, each piece has the potential to develop into a new sponge, making fragmentation the correct answer in this scenario. Budding is a form of asexual reproduction where a new organism develops as an outgrowth from the parent organism. Vegetative propagation involves the growth of new individuals from plant parts like stems or roots. Binary fission is a method of reproduction seen in some single-celled organisms where one cell divides into two identical cells.

5. What is the main component of blood plasma?

• A. Proteins
• B. Water
• C. Red Blood Cells
• D. Platelets

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Water. Blood plasma is composed mostly of water, which acts as a solvent for various nutrients and substances. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Proteins are indeed present in blood plasma but are not the main component. Red blood cells and platelets are cellular components of blood, not the main component of blood plasma.

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