Nursing Elites

1. What kind of symbiosis exists between a pneumonia bacterium and a human?

• A. Mutualism
• B. Parasitism
• C. Commensalism
• D. Competition

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In the case of a pneumonia bacterium and a human, the relationship is best described as parasitism. The bacterium benefits by causing harm to the human host, while the human is negatively affected by the presence of the bacterium, leading to illness or infection. This is a classic example of a parasitic relationship where one organism benefits at the expense of the other. Mutualism (Choice A) is a type of symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit from each other. Commensalism (Choice C) is a symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits, and the other is neither helped nor harmed. Competition (Choice D) refers to a relationship where both organisms are negatively affected by each other as they compete for resources.

2. How are molecules of water bonded to each other?

• A. Ionic
• B. Covalent
• C. Hydrogen
• D. Molecular

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Water molecules are bonded to each other by 'hydrogen' bonds. These bonds are not as strong as covalent bonds, which hold the atoms within each water molecule together (Choice B). Ionic bonds (Choice A) involve the transfer of electrons between atoms, which is not the case in water molecules. The term 'molecular' (Choice D) is too general and doesn't specifically describe the type of bond between water molecules.

3. Which is not a product of the Krebs cycle?

• A. ATP
• B. Carbon dioxide
• C. Glucose
• D. NADH

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Glucose is not a direct product of the Krebs cycle. Glucose is a starting molecule that undergoes glycolysis outside the mitochondria to produce pyruvate, which then enters the mitochondrial matrix to participate in the Krebs cycle. The Krebs cycle primarily generates ATP, carbon dioxide, and NADH as products. Choices A, B, and D are all products of the Krebs cycle, making them incorrect answers.

4. Which of the following is false?

• A. Animal cells use lysosomes to break down old cells
• B. Animal cells use chloroplasts to gain energy
• C. Plant cells have a cell wall to maintain structure
• D. All of the above are true

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The statement "B. Animal cells use chloroplasts to gain energy" is false. Chloroplasts are only present in plant cells and certain algae, where they are responsible for photosynthesis to generate energy from sunlight. Animal cells rely on other organelles, such as mitochondria, for energy production. Choice A is true because animal cells use lysosomes to break down old cells and cellular waste. Choice C is true as plant cells have a cell wall composed of cellulose that provides structural support and protection.

5. What is the main function of the ribosomes in the cell?

• A. DNA Replication
• B. Protein Synthesis
• C. Lipid Breakdown
• D. Cell Division

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Protein Synthesis. Ribosomes are cellular organelles responsible for synthesizing proteins. This process is crucial for various cellular functions. Choice A, DNA Replication, is incorrect as ribosomes are not involved in this process. Choice C, Lipid Breakdown, is also incorrect as ribosomes do not play a role in lipid metabolism. Choice D, Cell Division, is incorrect as ribosomes are not directly involved in the process of cell division.

Similar Questions