Nursing Elites

1. On the periodic table, where are atoms with the largest atomic radius located?

• A. At the top of their group
• B. In the middle of their group
• C. At the bottom of their group
• D. Along the right-hand side

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Atoms with the largest atomic radius are located at the bottom of their group on the periodic table. This is because atomic radius increases down a group due to the addition of more energy levels or shells of electrons. As you move down a group, the outermost electrons are further away from the nucleus, leading to an increase in atomic radius. Choice A 'At the top of their group' is incorrect because atomic radius decreases going up within a group. Choice B 'In the middle of their group' is incorrect as the atomic radius generally increases as you go down a group, not in the middle. Choice D 'Along the right-hand side' is incorrect because atomic radius tends to decrease from left to right across a period on the periodic table due to increased nuclear charge and effective nuclear charge.

2. What is a pentose sugar?

• A. A 6 carbon sugar
• B. A 4 carbon sugar
• C. A 5 carbon sugar
• D. A 7 carbon sugar

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A pentose is a 5-carbon sugar, as the prefix 'pent-' signifies five. Therefore, a pentose sugar consists of five carbon atoms. Choice A, 'A 6 carbon sugar,' is incorrect as a pentose sugar specifically has five carbons. Choice B, 'A 4 carbon sugar,' is incorrect as it describes a tetrose sugar, which has four carbons. Choice D, 'A 7 carbon sugar,' is incorrect as it does not correspond to the definition of a pentose sugar.

3. In which state of matter are particles packed tightly together in a fixed position?

• A. Liquid
• B. Solid
• C. Gas
• D. Plasma

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In a 'solid' state, particles are tightly packed in fixed positions, maintaining a definite shape and volume. This arrangement allows solids to maintain a rigid structure. Liquids have particles that are close together but can move past each other, giving them the ability to flow and take the shape of their container. Gases have particles that are far apart and move freely, leading to their ability to expand to fill any container. Plasma is an ionized gas where particles have high energy levels and are not packed tightly together, making it an uncommon state of matter on Earth.

4. What is the chemical symbol for sodium?

• A. N
• B. Na
• C. Cl
• D. H

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct chemical symbol for sodium is 'Na.' In the periodic table, sodium is represented by the symbol 'Na,' derived from its Latin name 'natrium.' The symbol 'N' represents nitrogen, not sodium. 'Cl' is the symbol for chlorine, and 'H' is the symbol for hydrogen. Therefore, 'Na' is the correct chemical symbol for sodium.

5. Which of the following is a characteristic of a chemical change?

• A. Change in shape
• B. Production of gas
• C. Melting
• D. Freezing

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The production of gas is a characteristic of a chemical change. During a chemical change, new substances are formed, often with the release or absorption of energy. The production of gas is a significant indicator of a chemical change because it indicates the formation of new compounds through chemical reactions. Choices A, C, and D are not characteristics of chemical changes. Changes in shape, melting, and freezing are physical changes where the substance's identity remains the same, unlike in chemical changes where new substances with different properties are formed.

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