Nursing Elites

1. If bacteria are placed in a strong solution of salt water, they will shrink as water moves out of the bacteria. What is this process called?

• A. Dehydration synthesis
• B. Hydrolysis
• C. Osmosis
• D. Isotonic transport

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Osmosis is the process by which water molecules move across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. In this case, when bacteria are placed in a strong solution of salt water, the high concentration of solutes outside the bacteria causes water to move out of the bacteria, leading to shrinkage. This process is known as osmosis. Dehydration synthesis (Choice A) is a process where molecules combine by removing water. Hydrolysis (Choice B) is the breakdown of molecules by the addition of water. Isotonic transport (Choice D) does not accurately describe the specific movement of water in or out of bacterial cells in a hypertonic solution.

2. Which of the following is a tertiary consumer?

• A. Owl
• B. Shrew
• C. Grasshopper
• D. Wheat

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Owl. Tertiary consumers are organisms that feed on secondary consumers, which, in turn, feed on primary consumers. Owls are considered tertiary consumers because they primarily feed on animals such as rodents, which are secondary consumers. Shrew (choice B) is a secondary consumer, feeding on insects and worms, placing it at a lower trophic level than the owl. Grasshopper (choice C) is a primary consumer, feeding on plants. Wheat (choice D) is not a consumer in the food chain but a plant.

3. In an example of a male with hemophilia and a female carrier, what percentage of the offspring is predicted to be carriers only?

• A. 0%
• B. 25%
• C. 50%
• D. 100%

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the male offspring will inherit the X chromosome with the hemophilia gene from the mother, as males have one X chromosome inherited from their mother. The female offspring will inherit one normal X chromosome from the father and one X chromosome with the hemophilia gene from the mother, making them carriers of the hemophilia trait. Therefore, 50% of the offspring will be carriers only. Option A (0%) is incorrect as female offspring will inherit the X chromosome with the hemophilia gene from the mother. Option B (25%) is incorrect as the female offspring will not be unaffected. Option D (100%) is incorrect as not all offspring will be carriers, only the female offspring.

4. In nature, water vapor becomes liquid water through the process of ___________.

• A. condensation
• B. sublimation
• C. precipitation
• D. absorption

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In nature, water vapor becomes liquid water through the process of condensation. Condensation occurs when water vapor cools and changes its state from a gas to a liquid, forming droplets that we commonly see as water droplets on surfaces or clouds in the sky. Sublimation refers to the transition from a solid to a gas without passing through the liquid phase. Precipitation is the process where water in the atmosphere falls to the ground as rain, snow, sleet, or hail. Absorption is the process of one substance being taken in by another.

5. Humans, or Homo sapiens, are part of the family ___________.

• A. Animalia
• B. Hominidae
• C. Mammalia
• D. Chordata

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Humans, or Homo sapiens, are part of the family Hominidae, which includes great apes such as gorillas, chimpanzees, and orangutans. This family belongs to the order Primates within the class Mammalia. Choice A (Animalia) refers to the animal kingdom, not the family of humans. Choice C (Mammalia) is the class to which the family Hominidae belongs, not the family itself. Choice D (Chordata) is the phylum to which humans and other animals with a notochord belong, not the specific family.

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