how does asexual reproduction differ from sexual reproduction
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HESI A2

Biology HESI A2 Practice Test

1. How does asexual reproduction differ from sexual reproduction?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Sexual reproduction involves two cells (gametes) that contribute genetic material to daughter cells, resulting in significantly greater genetic variation in the offspring. This genetic variation is essential for evolution and adaptation to environmental changes. In contrast, asexual reproduction involves one cell dividing to produce offspring that are genetically identical to the parent cell. Choice A is incorrect because sexual reproduction does not result in half of the cells being identical to the original cell; it involves two cells contributing genetic material. Choice B is incorrect because asexual reproduction does not result in significantly greater variation; it produces genetically identical offspring. Choice D is incorrect because sexual reproduction involves two cells contributing genetic material, not one cell yielding all identical cells.

2. What organelle do plant cells have that functions as storage, waste disposal, and protection?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Correct! Plant cells have vacuoles that serve as storage centers, help in waste disposal by containing and isolating harmful materials, and contribute to protection by storing toxic substances. The other choices are incorrect because the nucleus contains genetic material, mitochondria are responsible for energy production, and ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis.

3. What is the function of decomposition in the carbon cycle?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'To release carbon dioxide.' Decomposition in the carbon cycle involves breaking down dead organic matter into simpler substances. During this process, carbon is released in the form of carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere. This release of carbon dioxide is essential for recycling carbon and making it available for use by living organisms. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because decomposition does not produce light energy, convert carbon to fuel, or store food for consumers; its primary role is to recycle carbon through the release of carbon dioxide.

4. Which organelle is the site of energy production?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Mitochondrion. The mitochondrion is the site of energy production in a cell. It is often referred to as the powerhouse of the cell because it is where cellular respiration occurs, generating energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through processes like the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. The other organelles listed play different roles in the cell - vacuoles store materials, the cell membrane regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell, and ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis.

5. What propels the cell forward?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Propulsion, not microfilaments, cilia, or flagella, is what drives the cell forward. Propulsion is the force or process that propels the cell forward and allows it to move within its environment. Microfilaments are involved in cell structure, cilia are small hair-like structures for movement, and flagella are tail-like structures used for cell propulsion in some organisms.

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