Nursing Elites

1. What is the role of enzymes in the body?

• A. To transport oxygen
• B. To speed up chemical reactions
• C. To regulate body temperature
• D. To store energy

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Enzymes act as biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body. They lower the activation energy required for reactions to occur, thus facilitating processes like digestion, metabolism, and other essential functions. Choice A is incorrect as the transportation of oxygen is primarily carried out by red blood cells. Choice C is incorrect as the regulation of body temperature involves mechanisms such as sweating and shivering. Choice D is incorrect as energy storage is mainly performed by molecules like glycogen and triglycerides.

2. Which property of a wave remains constant when the wave enters a different medium?

• A. Frequency
• B. Wavelength
• C. Amplitude
• D. Speed

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When a wave enters a different medium, its frequency remains constant. Frequency is an intrinsic property of the wave determined by its source, and it does not change when transitioning between different mediums. On the other hand, wavelength, amplitude, and speed of the wave can all be altered when the wave moves from one medium to another. Wavelength is dependent on the speed of the wave and can change when entering a different medium due to differences in propagation speed. Amplitude can also change as it is influenced by factors like energy loss or gain at the boundary of the mediums. Speed, determined by the medium's properties, typically changes when a wave transitions between different mediums due to variations in the medium's density and elasticity.

3. Which of the following substances is typically a good conductor of electricity when dissolved in water?

• A. Sugar
• B. Sodium chloride
• C. Olive oil
• D. Oxygen gas

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Sodium chloride (table salt) is typically a good conductor of electricity when dissolved in water because it dissociates into ions (sodium cations and chloride anions) that can carry an electric current. Sugar (choice A), olive oil (choice C), and oxygen gas (choice D) do not dissociate into ions in water and therefore are not good conductors of electricity. Sugar does not dissociate into ions in water, so it cannot conduct electricity. Olive oil and oxygen gas are nonpolar substances and do not ionize in water, making them poor conductors of electricity.

4. A patient's body is not properly filtering blood. Which of the following body parts is most likely malfunctioning?

• A. Medulla
• B. Heart
• C. Nephrons
• D. Renal cortex

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Nephrons are the functional units of the kidneys responsible for filtering blood and removing waste products to form urine. If a patient's body is not properly filtering blood, it is most likely due to dysfunction or impairment in the nephrons of the kidneys. The heart is responsible for pumping blood, not filtering it, making choice B incorrect. The medulla and renal cortex are specific parts of the kidney but do not directly perform the filtration function carried out by the nephrons, making choices A and D incorrect.

5. What is the muscular sac in the female body that nourishes and protects a developing fetus during pregnancy?

• A. Ovary
• B. Fallopian tube
• C. Uterus
• D. Vagina

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is the uterus. The uterus is a muscular organ in the female body where a developing fetus is nourished and protected during pregnancy. It is the site where a fertilized egg implants and grows into a fetus. The ovaries produce eggs, the fallopian tubes transport the egg to the uterus for potential fertilization, and the vagina serves as the birth canal and the passage for menstrual blood to exit the body. Therefore, the uterus plays a crucial role in pregnancy by providing a nurturing environment for the developing fetus.

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