Nursing Elites

1. According to Newton's third law of motion, if you push against a wall with a certain force, the wall will push back with:

• A. A smaller force
• B. An equal force
• C. A greater force
• D. No force at all

Correct answer: B

Rationale: According to Newton's third law of motion, for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. When you push against a wall with a certain force, the wall will push back on you with an equal force in the opposite direction. Choice A is incorrect because the wall exerts an equal force back. Choice C is incorrect as it suggests a greater force, which goes against Newton's third law. Choice D is incorrect as the wall does exert a force back in response to your push.

2. Which of the following is an example of a salt?

• A. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
• B. Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
• C. Sodium chloride (NaCl)
• D. Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Sodium chloride (NaCl) is an example of a salt. Salts are ionic compounds formed by the reaction of an acid with a base. In this case, sodium chloride is formed by the reaction of sodium hydroxide (a base) with hydrochloric acid (an acid). Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) are not salts because they are not formed by the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base, which is a characteristic of salts.

3. The Becquerel (Bq) is the designated unit for quantifying:

• A. Electron volt (eV) measurements of energy
• B. Radioactivity
• C. Electric charge (Coulombs)
• D. Force (Newtons)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The Becquerel (Bq) is the unit used to measure radioactivity, specifically the activity of a quantity of radioactive material. It represents the number of radioactive disintegrations or transformations per unit of time. Choice A, electron volt (eV), is a unit of energy, not radioactivity. Choice C, electric charge (Coulombs), is measured in Coulombs, not Becquerels. Choice D, force (Newtons), is a unit of force, not radioactivity. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

4. What is the primary hormone released by the parathyroid glands?

• A. Insulin
• B. Calcitonin
• C. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
• D. Thyroxine

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The primary hormone released by the parathyroid glands is parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH plays a crucial role in regulating calcium and phosphorus levels in the body by increasing calcium levels in the blood through various mechanisms, such as promoting calcium release from bones and increasing calcium absorption in the intestines. Insulin is produced by the pancreas and regulates blood sugar levels, calcitonin is produced by the thyroid gland and helps lower blood calcium levels, and thyroxine is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that regulates metabolism. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they are not the primary hormone released by the parathyroid glands.

5. What is the bottom number in a blood pressure reading?

• A. Diastolic pressure
• B. Systolic pressure
• C. Pulse rate
• D. Mean arterial pressure

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diastolic pressure. The bottom number in a blood pressure reading represents the diastolic pressure, which indicates the lowest pressure in the arteries when the heart is resting between beats. This value is important in understanding the overall health of the cardiovascular system. Choice B, Systolic pressure, is the top number in a blood pressure reading and represents the pressure in the arteries when the heart is contracting. Choice C, Pulse rate, refers to the number of times the heart beats in a minute. Choice D, Mean arterial pressure, is a calculated value using both systolic and diastolic pressures to provide an average pressure in the arteries during a cardiac cycle, but it is not the bottom number in a blood pressure reading.

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