Nursing Elites

1. A recycling company collects sorted materials from its clients. The materials are weighed and then processed for re-use. The chart shows the weights of various classes of materials that were collected by the company during a representative month. Which of the following statements is NOT supported by the data in the chart?

• A. Paper products, including cardboard, make up a majority of the collected materials.
• B. One quarter of the materials collected are made of glass.
• C. More plastic is collected than cardboard.
• D. Plastic and cardboard together represent a larger portion of the collected materials than glass bottles.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The chart data does not support the statement that more plastic is collected than cardboard. Looking at the chart data, we can see that paper products, including cardboard, make up the majority of the collected materials. Glass accounts for one quarter of the materials collected. When we compare plastic and cardboard, we can see that cardboard weighs more than plastic. Therefore, the statement that more plastic is collected than cardboard is not supported by the data. Additionally, combining plastic and cardboard weights still does not exceed the weight of glass bottles according to the chart.

2. Which of the following represents an opinion statement on the part of the author?

• A. The problem with having a larger Bermuda Triangle is that it increases the odds of accidents.
• B. The area known as the Bermuda Triangle has become such a part of popular culture that it can be difficult to sort through the myth and locate the truth.
• C. The increase in ships from East Asia no doubt contributes to an increase in accidents.
• D. Most consider the Triangle to stretch from Miami to Puerto Rico and include the island of Bermuda.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Choice C, 'The increase in ships from East Asia no doubt contributes to an increase in accidents,' represents an opinion statement made by the author. This statement reflects the author's belief or judgment about the impact of increased ships from East Asia on the occurrence of accidents in the Bermuda Triangle. The other choices, A, B, and D, provide factual information or general statements without expressing a personal opinion. Choice A discusses a potential consequence of a larger Bermuda Triangle, choice B highlights the cultural significance and difficulty in discerning truth about the Bermuda Triangle, and choice D describes the commonly accepted geographical boundaries of the Bermuda Triangle. Therefore, choice C is the correct answer as it represents an opinion statement on the part of the author.

3. Based on the passage, which of the following is the most logical conclusion?

• A. The professor will offer another extra credit project later in the semester.
• B. Students who choose two extra-credit options will be given double the extra credit.
• C. Students who choose the third option will receive one quarter of the offered extra credit.
• D. Students are most likely to earn maximum extra credit by choosing the first option.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Based on the passage, the most logical conclusion is that students are most likely to earn the maximum extra credit by choosing the first option. The first option provides an extra credit project worth 150% of the point value of the essay exam, giving students more than enough chance to make up the difference and raise their overall score. The second and third options also offer the same 150% extra credit, but they involve more subjective scoring or group work, respectively, which may not ensure maximum extra credit. Therefore, choosing the first option is the best way for students to earn the most extra credit.

4. Archie says, 'Northerners eat bland food.' The most precise definition of this statement is

• A. A stereotype
• B. An inference
• C. A bias
• D. A generalization

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: a stereotype. Archie's statement about Northerners eating bland food reflects a stereotype, which is an oversimplified and generalized belief about a particular group of people. This statement is not an inference because it is not based on evidence or reasoning. It is also not a bias, which is a preference or inclination that inhibits impartial judgment. While the statement could be seen as a generalization, it more specifically fits the definition of a stereotype due to its oversimplified and exaggerated nature.

5. Using the same reasoning as that in the passage, an automobile with eighteen wheels does what to the following hypothesis: 'All automobiles have only four wheels'?

• A. It proves the hypothesis.
• B. It raises the hypothesis's probability.
• C. It disproves the hypothesis.
• D. It decreases the hypothesis's probability.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: An automobile with eighteen wheels contradicts the hypothesis that 'All automobiles have only four wheels.' This contradiction reduces the probability that the hypothesis is true. The hypothesis is not proven by the presence of an eighteen-wheel automobile, nor does it raise the probability of the hypothesis being true. Instead, it directly challenges the hypothesis, leading to a decrease in its probability of being correct.

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