Nursing Elites

1. As a car accelerates from rest, what happens to its kinetic energy and the work done on it?

• A. Both kinetic energy and work done increase.
• B. Kinetic energy increases, but work done remains constant.
• C. Work done increases, but kinetic energy remains constant.
• D. Both kinetic energy and work done remain constant.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When a car accelerates from rest, its speed and kinetic energy increase. The work done on the car is what increases its kinetic energy, so both kinetic energy and work done increase simultaneously. Option A is correct because acceleration results in an increase in both kinetic energy and the work done on the car. Option B is incorrect because work done is required to increase kinetic energy during acceleration. Option C is incorrect as work done is directly related to the change in kinetic energy. Option D is incorrect as both kinetic energy and work done increase when the car accelerates.

2. What is the significance of studying pedigrees in human genetics?

• A. Predicting the exact outcome of genetic crosses in humans.
• B. Tracing the inheritance of complex traits with multiple contributing genes.
• C. Identifying carriers of dominant genetic disorders.
• D. Determining the risk of acquiring a specific mutation de novo.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Pedigrees are diagrams that show the relationships within a family and can be used to track the inheritance patterns of specific traits or diseases. While pedigrees can provide information on the inheritance of single gene disorders (such as identifying carriers of dominant genetic disorders, as mentioned in option C), their primary significance lies in studying complex traits with multiple contributing genes. These traits do not follow simple Mendelian inheritance patterns and are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. By analyzing pedigrees, researchers can identify patterns of inheritance for complex traits, such as polygenic diseases or traits influenced by gene-environment interactions. Therefore, option B is the most appropriate choice as it captures the main significance of studying pedigrees in human genetics.

3. Which organ is primarily responsible for detoxification in the body?

• A. Kidney
• B. Liver
• C. Lung
• D. Heart

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The liver is the primary organ responsible for detoxifying chemicals and metabolizing drugs in the body. It plays a crucial role in breaking down toxins, filtering blood, and producing bile, making it essential for overall detoxification processes. The kidney primarily filters waste and excess substances from the blood to form urine. Lungs are responsible for gas exchange, not detoxification. The heart is responsible for pumping blood and does not play a direct role in detoxification processes.

4. What is the longest bone in the human body?

• A. Tibia
• B. Fibula
• C. Femur
• D. Humerus

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The femur is indeed the longest bone in the human body. It extends from the hip to the knee, providing crucial support for the body's weight and enabling various movements. The tibia and fibula are bones in the lower leg, while the humerus is located in the upper arm. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect in this context.

5. When is a solution formed?

• A. One substance dissolves in another
• B. Two or more substances react chemically
• C. A solid changes to a liquid
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A solution is formed when one substance dissolves in another. This process creates a homogeneous mixture where the solute is dispersed in the solvent, resulting in a uniform composition throughout the mixture. Choice B is incorrect because chemical reactions involve the transformation of substances into new compounds, not the formation of solutions. Choice C is incorrect as it describes a physical change from a solid to a liquid, not the formation of a solution. Choice D is incorrect as one substance dissolving in another is the defining characteristic of a solution.

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