Nursing Elites

1. Which term refers to the measure of the mass of a substance per unit volume and is commonly expressed in kilograms per cubic meter?

• A. Mass
• B. Weight
• C. Density
• D. Volume

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Density is the measure of the mass of a substance per unit volume and is commonly expressed in kilograms per cubic meter. Mass refers to the amount of matter in an object, weight is the force of gravity acting on an object, and volume is the amount of space an object occupies. In this context, density is the correct term for expressing the measure of mass per unit volume, making it the most appropriate choice among the options provided.

2. How does the mass of an object affect its inertia?

• A. Mass has no impact on inertia
• B. Higher mass increases inertia
• C. Higher mass decreases inertia
• D. Mass influences gravitational force, not inertia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Inertia is the resistance of an object to changes in its state of motion. The greater the mass of an object, the greater its inertia because it requires more force to change its state of motion. This concept aligns with Newton's first law of motion, which states that an object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will continue in motion with the same speed and direction unless acted upon by an external force. Therefore, higher mass increases inertia, making it more difficult to alter the object's state of motion. Choice A is incorrect as mass does impact inertia. Choice C is incorrect as higher mass actually increases inertia, not decreases it. Choice D is incorrect as while mass does affect gravitational force, it also directly impacts inertia.

3. What is the main function of the kidneys?

• A. To filter waste products from the blood
• B. To produce urine
• C. To regulate blood pressure
• D. To produce hormones that help control blood sugar levels

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The main function of the kidneys is to filter waste products, excess ions, and water from the bloodstream to form urine, which is then excreted from the body. This process helps maintain the body's internal environment by regulating the balance of electrolytes, fluid volume, and pH levels. While the kidneys do produce urine as a result of filtering the blood, their primary function is to filter waste products rather than solely producing urine. Although the kidneys play a role in regulating blood pressure by controlling blood volume and electrolyte concentration, their main function is waste filtration. While the kidneys do produce hormones like erythropoietin and renin that regulate physiological processes, such as red blood cell production and blood pressure, the main role of the kidneys is waste filtration.

4. What is the function of arrector pili muscles?

• A. To control sweat production
• B. To contract and cause goosebumps
• C. To produce sebum
• D. To sense touch

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct function of arrector pili muscles is to contract and cause goosebumps. These small muscles are attached to hair follicles in mammals. When they contract, they cause the hair to stand on end, resulting in goosebumps. This physiological response is often triggered by cold temperatures or emotional states like fear, helping mammals conserve heat or appear larger in threatening situations. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Arrector pili muscles are not involved in controlling sweat production (Choice A), producing sebum (Choice C), or sensing touch (Choice D).

5. What is the primary function of lymph nodes, small, bean-shaped structures found along lymphatic vessels?

• A. To store excess lymph fluid
• B. To produce red blood cells
• C. To filter lymph and fight infection
• D. To transport lymph to the heart

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Lymph nodes primarily function to filter lymph and fight infection. They contain immune cells that help to remove pathogens and foreign particles from the lymph fluid as it passes through the nodes. This process helps to activate the immune response and defend the body against infections. Choice A is incorrect as lymph nodes do not store excess lymph fluid; they filter lymph. Choice B is incorrect as the production of red blood cells primarily occurs in the bone marrow, not in lymph nodes. Choice D is incorrect as lymph nodes do not transport lymph to the heart; they filter and process lymph to remove impurities and activate the immune response.

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