Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is an example of an aromatic hydrocarbon?

• A. Ethane
• B. Benzene
• C. Propane
• D. Butene

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Benzene is indeed an example of an aromatic hydrocarbon. Aromatic hydrocarbons are characterized by having a cyclic structure with alternating single and double bonds (pi bonds). Benzene fits this description, making it aromatic. On the other hand, ethane, propane, and butene are aliphatic hydrocarbons, which do not have the distinct cyclic structure of aromatic hydrocarbons. Ethane, propane, and butene are aliphatic hydrocarbons, which contain only single bonds and are not cyclic in nature. Therefore, they are not examples of aromatic hydrocarbons.

2. What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

• A. Maintain body temperature
• B. Deliver oxygen to the bloodstream and remove carbon dioxide
• C. Produce antibodies for the immune system
• D. Break down food molecules for energy

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of the respiratory system is to deliver oxygen to the bloodstream and remove carbon dioxide. This process occurs through breathing, where oxygen is inhaled into the lungs and then transferred to the bloodstream, while carbon dioxide is removed from the bloodstream and exhaled out of the body. Maintaining body temperature (A), producing antibodies for the immune system (C), and breaking down food molecules for energy (D) are functions of other systems in the body, not the respiratory system. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

3. Which type of muscle is responsible for moving the skeleton?

• A. Cardiac muscle
• B. Skeletal muscle
• C. Smooth muscle
• D. Voluntary muscle

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Skeletal muscle is the correct answer as it is responsible for moving the skeleton. Skeletal muscles are under voluntary control, meaning they can be consciously controlled by the individual. Cardiac muscle (Choice A) is found in the heart and is responsible for pumping blood, not moving the skeleton. Smooth muscle (Choice C) is found in internal organs and is responsible for involuntary movements like digestion. Voluntary muscle (Choice D) is not a specific type of muscle; it refers to muscles that can be consciously controlled, which includes skeletal muscles.

4. What are isotopes?

• A. Atoms of the same element with different numbers of protons.
• B. Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
• C. Atoms of different elements with the same number of protons.
• D. Atoms of different elements with the same number of electrons.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. While isotopes share the same number of protons, which determines the element, they differ in the number of neutrons. This variance in neutron count results in isotopes having different atomic masses. Choice A is incorrect because isotopes have the same number of protons (same element) but differ in the number of neutrons. Choice C is incorrect as it describes atoms of different elements, not isotopes of the same element. Choice D is also incorrect because isotopes can have different numbers of electrons, but what defines isotopes is the variation in neutron numbers.

5. Which of the following is true regarding T cells?

• A. They are only seen in individuals with leukemia.
• B. They are a specialized type of white blood cell.
• C. They mature in the thymus.
• D. They play a role in the immune response.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: T cells are a specialized type of white blood cell that play a crucial role in the immune response. They are produced in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus gland. T cells help coordinate and regulate the immune response to pathogens and foreign substances by interacting with other immune cells. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. T cells are not exclusively seen in individuals with leukemia; they are a normal component of the immune system found in healthy individuals. While it is true that T cells are a specialized type of white blood cell, the key characteristic being tested in this question is their role in the immune response. Lastly, T cells do mature in the thymus, but this alone does not encompass the full scope of their function in the immune system.

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