Nursing Elites

1. A ball is thrown horizontally off a cliff. Which of the following forces is responsible for its downward motion?

• A. The force of throwing
• B. Normal force from the air
• C. Tension force from the string (if used)
• D. Gravitational force

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The gravitational force is responsible for the downward motion of the ball. When the ball is thrown horizontally off a cliff, the only force acting on it in the vertical direction is the force of gravity, which pulls the ball downward towards the ground. The other forces mentioned (force of throwing, normal force from the air, tension force from the string) do not contribute to the ball's downward motion in this scenario. The force of throwing initiates the horizontal motion, the normal force from the air opposes the ball's motion through air resistance, and tension force from the string would only be relevant if a string were attached to the ball. Therefore, gravitational force is the primary force responsible for the ball's downward motion in this situation.

2. What is the role of the spleen in the body?

• A. To produce bile
• B. To filter blood and remove old red blood cells
• C. To produce red blood cells
• D. To store fat

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The spleen acts as a blood filter, removing old or damaged red blood cells. It also plays a role in immune responses, storing blood reserves, and helping to fight infection. The production of bile is primarily associated with the liver, not the spleen. While the bone marrow is responsible for red blood cell production, the spleen's main functions do not include this process. Storing fat is not a primary function of the spleen.

3. When is work done on an object?

• A. Only when the object's velocity changes
• B. Only when a force is applied to the object
• C. Whenever there is a force exerted on the object causing displacement
• D. Only when the object is lifted vertically

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Work is done on an object whenever a force causes displacement in the object's position. According to the work-energy principle, work is calculated as the force applied multiplied by the distance the object moves in the direction of the force. Therefore, work can occur whenever there is a force exerted on the object resulting in displacement, regardless of whether the object's velocity changes or it is lifted vertically. Choice A is incorrect because work can be done even without a change in velocity. Choice B is incorrect as work requires both force and displacement, not just the application of force. Choice D is incorrect because work is not limited to vertical lifting; it can happen in any direction as long as there is a force causing displacement.

4. Which vitamin is produced when the skin is exposed to sunlight?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin D
• C. Vitamin K
• D. Vitamin E

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Vitamin D is the correct answer. When the skin is exposed to sunlight, it triggers a process where a form of cholesterol in the skin is converted into vitamin D. This vitamin plays a crucial role in aiding calcium absorption in the gut, which is essential for maintaining strong and healthy bones. Vitamin A (Choice A) is important for vision and immune function but is not produced by sunlight exposure. Vitamin K (Choice C) is known for its role in blood clotting and bone metabolism, but it is not produced by sunlight. Vitamin E (Choice D) is an antioxidant that protects cells from damage but is not synthesized in the skin through sunlight exposure.

5. Which of the following is the neutral subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom?

• A. Electron
• B. Proton
• C. Neutron
• D. Positron

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Neutron. Neutrons are subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom that have no charge. They have a mass of approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu). The number of neutrons in an atom's nucleus contributes to the mass number of the atom, which is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. Choice A, Electron, is incorrect as electrons are negatively charged particles found outside the nucleus. Choice B, Proton, is incorrect as protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus. Choice D, Positron, is incorrect as positrons are positively charged antiparticles of electrons and are not typically found in the nucleus of an atom.

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