Nursing Elites

1. A ball is thrown horizontally off a cliff. Which of the following forces is responsible for its downward motion?

• A. The force of throwing
• B. Normal force from the air
• C. Tension force from the string (if used)
• D. Gravitational force

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The gravitational force is responsible for the downward motion of the ball. When the ball is thrown horizontally off a cliff, the only force acting on it in the vertical direction is the force of gravity, which pulls the ball downward towards the ground. The other forces mentioned (force of throwing, normal force from the air, tension force from the string) do not contribute to the ball's downward motion in this scenario. The force of throwing initiates the horizontal motion, the normal force from the air opposes the ball's motion through air resistance, and tension force from the string would only be relevant if a string were attached to the ball. Therefore, gravitational force is the primary force responsible for the ball's downward motion in this situation.

2. What is the common name for the organic compound CH₃OH?

• A. Methane
• B. Ethanol
• C. Methanol
• D. Butanol

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The common name for the organic compound CH₃OH is methanol. Methane (A) has the chemical formula CH₄. Ethanol (B) corresponds to the formula C₂H₅OH. Butanol (D) is a compound with the formula C₄H₉OH. The correct answer is C - Methanol, which is the common name for CH₃OH, while the other options correspond to different organic compounds with distinct formulas. Therefore, methanol is the correct choice when identifying the common name for the compound CH₃OH.

3. Adipose tissue, also known as fat, serves multiple functions. Which of these is NOT a function of adipose tissue?

• A. Insulation
• B. Energy storage
• C. Hormone production
• D. Muscle movement

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Adipose tissue serves multiple functions in the body, including insulation to regulate body temperature, energy storage in the form of triglycerides, and hormone production such as leptin and adiponectin. Adipose tissue does not directly participate in muscle movement. Muscle movement is primarily carried out by skeletal muscle tissue, which is responsible for voluntary movements and locomotion. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as adipose tissue is not involved in muscle movement.

4. Which term refers to a position farther from the midline of the body? For example, the little toe is lateral to the big toe on the same foot.

• A. Lateral
• B. Medial
• C. Proximal
• D. Distal

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lateral. Lateral refers to a position farther away from the midline of the body. In the example provided, the little toe is indeed lateral to the big toe on the same foot. This is in contrast to 'medial,' which means closer to the midline. 'Proximal' refers to a position closer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body, while 'distal' refers to a position farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body.

5. Which type of chemical reaction produces a salt?

• A. An oxidation reaction
• B. A neutralization reaction
• C. A synthesis reaction
• D. A decomposition reaction

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, a neutralization reaction. In a neutralization reaction, an acid and a base react to produce a salt and water. This process involves the combination of H+ ions from the acid and OH- ions from the base to form water, while the remaining ions combine to form a salt. Therefore, a neutralization reaction is the specific type of chemical reaction that produces a salt. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. An oxidation reaction involves the loss of electrons, a synthesis reaction involves the formation of a compound from simpler substances, and a decomposition reaction involves the breakdown of a compound into simpler substances. None of these reactions directly lead to the production of a salt, making them incorrect choices in this context.

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