which of the following describes a cells reaction to being placed in a hypertonic solution

ATI TEAS 7

TEAS 7 Science Practice Test

1. What describes a cell’s reaction to being placed in a hypertonic solution?

A. The cell will shrink as water is pulled out of the cell to equalize the concentrations inside and outside of the cell.
B. The cell will swell as water is pulled into the cell to equalize the concentrations inside and outside of the cell.
C. The cell will remain the same size since the concentrations inside and outside the cell are equal to begin with.
D. The pH inside the cell will drop in order to equalize the pH inside and outside the cell.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A cell placed in a hypertonic solution has a higher solute concentration outside the cell compared to inside. This creates a concentration gradient that causes water to move out of the cell through osmosis to equalize the concentrations on both sides. As a result, the cell will shrink or undergo plasmolysis, as water is pulled out of the cell. Choice B is incorrect because a hypertonic solution causes water to move out of the cell, leading to shrinkage rather than swelling. Choice C is incorrect as a hypertonic solution results in a concentration gradient that leads to water leaving the cell, causing it to shrink. Choice D is incorrect because pH is not directly affected by being placed in a hypertonic solution; the change in solute concentration primarily impacts water movement.

2. Which hormone is released by the pituitary gland?

A. Estrogen
B. Luteinizing Hormone
C. Progesterone
D. Testosterone

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Luteinizing Hormone. The pituitary gland releases luteinizing hormone, which plays a crucial role in reproductive functions by stimulating ovulation in females and testosterone production in males. Choice A, Estrogen, is incorrect as estrogen is mainly produced by the ovaries. Choice C, Progesterone, is incorrect as progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum in the ovaries and the placenta during pregnancy. Choice D, Testosterone, is incorrect as testosterone is produced primarily in the testes in males and in smaller amounts in the ovaries and adrenal glands in females.

3. What macromolecules are formed from amino acids, and what are their roles?

A. Lipids; store energy
B. Carbohydrates; provide energy
C. Proteins; perform various functions like catalysis, transport, and structural support
D. Nucleic acids; store genetic information

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Proteins are macromolecules formed from amino acids and have diverse roles, such as serving as enzymes, transport molecules, and providing structural support. They are essential for catalysis, cellular communication, immune response, and many other functions in living organisms. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Lipids are not formed from amino acids but from fatty acids and glycerol, mainly serving as energy storage molecules. Carbohydrates are composed of sugars and provide energy to the body. Nucleic acids, like DNA and RNA, are made up of nucleotides and store genetic information in cells.

4. Which of the following is an example of aseptic technique?

A. Washing hands with soap and water before surgery
B. Coughing into your elbow
C. Sharing a stethoscope without cleaning
D. Leaving a wound dressing exposed

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Aseptic technique refers to practices that help prevent the introduction of harmful microorganisms into a sterile environment. Washing hands with soap and water before surgery is an essential component of aseptic technique as it helps reduce the number of microorganisms on the hands, decreasing the risk of introducing pathogens into the surgical site. Coughing into your elbow is a good hygiene practice to prevent the spread of respiratory infections but is not specifically related to aseptic technique. Sharing a stethoscope without cleaning can introduce microorganisms from one patient to another, compromising aseptic conditions. Leaving a wound dressing exposed can lead to contamination and infection, which is contrary to aseptic technique.

5. Which of the following is not part of the digestive system?

A. Esophagus
B. Liver
C. Stomach
D. Pancreas

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'D: Pancreas.' While the pancreas contributes to digestion by secreting enzymes, it is not part of the main digestive tract. The esophagus, liver, and stomach are integral components of the digestive system. The esophagus helps in the transport of food to the stomach, the stomach aids in food breakdown, the liver produces bile for fat digestion, and the pancreas secretes digestive enzymes. Therefore, the pancreas is the correct answer as it is not part of the primary digestive tract but supports digestion through enzyme secretion.