Nursing Elites

1. What is the name of the bone in the human thigh?

• A. Ulna
• B. Femur
• C. Radius
• D. Humerus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Femur. The femur, also known as the thigh bone, is located in the human thigh. It is the longest and strongest bone in the human body, extending from the hip to the knee. The ulna, radius, and humerus, on the other hand, are bones found in the arm. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they are bones of the arm, not the thigh.

2. Through which organ do muscles push food into the stomach via peristalsis?

• A. Mouth
• B. Small intestine
• C. Epiglottis
• D. Esophagus

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Esophagus. Muscles push food into the stomach via peristalsis in the esophagus. Peristalsis is a coordinated muscular contraction that helps move food from the mouth to the stomach through the esophagus. The rhythmic contractions of the esophageal muscles create a wave-like motion that propels food downward toward the stomach for digestion. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the mouth is where digestion begins but does not push food into the stomach, the small intestine is mainly responsible for absorbing nutrients, and the epiglottis is a flap that prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing, not involved in pushing food into the stomach.

3. How does the nervous system work with the muscular system?

• A. The muscles of the body produce chemicals that feed the nerves.
• B. The nervous system tells the muscles how to respond to the environment.
• C. The nervous system releases chemicals that remove excess waste from the muscles.
• D. The muscular system provides input that allows the nerves to make decisions.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the nervous system communicates with the muscular system to control voluntary and involuntary muscle movements. The nervous system sends signals to the muscles, instructing them on how to respond to various stimuli in the environment. This communication allows for coordinated movement and responses to external and internal changes. Choice A is incorrect because muscles do not produce chemicals to feed the nerves. Choice C is incorrect because the nervous system does not release chemicals to remove waste from the muscles. Choice D is incorrect because the muscular system does not provide input for the nerves to make decisions.

4. Which type of muscle is found in the heart?

• A. Smooth muscle
• B. Cardiac muscle
• C. Skeletal muscle
• D. Striated muscle

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Cardiac muscle is a specialized type of muscle found only in the heart. It is responsible for the rhythmic contractions that pump blood throughout the body. Unlike smooth and skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle has its own unique structure and function to meet the demands of the heart's continuous pumping action. Smooth muscle is found in the walls of internal organs and blood vessels, not in the heart. Skeletal muscle is attached to bones and helps in movement but is not found in the heart. Striated muscle is a broader term that includes both cardiac and skeletal muscle, but specifically, cardiac muscle refers to the muscle tissue of the heart.

5. What is the primary hormone secreted by the thyroid gland?

• A. Oxytocin
• B. TSH
• C. Adrenaline
• D. T4

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: T4. The primary hormone secreted by the thyroid gland is thyroxine, also known as T4. T4 plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism, growth, and energy levels in the body. It is converted into the more active form, triiodothyronine (T3), which exerts most of the biological effects of thyroid hormones. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Oxytocin is not produced by the thyroid gland but by the pituitary gland, TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) is secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate the thyroid gland, and adrenaline is produced by the adrenal glands, not the thyroid gland.

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