Nursing Elites

1. Which hormone stimulates milk production in the breasts during lactation?

• A. norepinephrine
• B. antidiuretic hormone
• C. prolactin
• D. oxytocin

Correct answer: C

Rationale: During lactation, the hormone responsible for stimulating milk production in the breasts is 'prolactin.' Prolactin plays a crucial role in initiating and maintaining lactation by promoting the development of alveoli in the mammary glands and stimulating milk synthesis. While oxytocin is involved in the ejection of milk from the breasts, it is prolactin that primarily governs milk production. Norepinephrine is not directly involved in milk production, and antidiuretic hormone primarily regulates water balance and blood pressure, not milk production.

2. What is the primary function of platelets?

• A. To fight infections
• B. To clot blood
• C. To carry oxygen
• D. To transport nutrients

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of platelets, or thrombocytes, is to clot blood. Platelets play a crucial role in hemostasis by forming clots to prevent excessive bleeding when injuries occur. They are not directly involved in fighting infections, carrying oxygen, or transporting nutrients. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

3. What is the function of the lungs in the respiratory system?

• A. To filter blood
• B. To exchange gases
• C. To produce energy
• D. To remove waste products

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct function of the lungs in the respiratory system is to exchange gases. The lungs facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air we breathe in and the blood, ensuring oxygen is absorbed and carbon dioxide is removed during respiration. Choice A is incorrect as the kidneys, not the lungs, filter blood. Choice C is incorrect as energy production primarily occurs in cells, not in the lungs. Choice D is incorrect as waste removal, such as the excretion of carbon dioxide, is a function of the lungs, but the primary function is the exchange of gases.

4. What is the function of amylase?

• A. Breaking down starch
• B. Digesting fat
• C. Breaking down protein
• D. Absorbing water

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Breaking down starch. Amylase is an enzyme that specifically functions to break down starch into smaller sugar molecules such as maltose and glucose. This process is essential for the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in the body. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because amylase does not digest fat, break down protein, or absorb water; its primary function lies in starch digestion.

5. Which part of the brain is most posterior?

• A. Frontal lobe
• B. Parietal lobe
• C. Temporal lobe
• D. Occipital lobe

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The occipital lobe is located at the most posterior part of the brain, towards the back of the head. It is primarily responsible for processing visual information from the eyes and plays a crucial role in vision-related functions. The frontal lobe (Choice A) is located at the front of the brain and is responsible for functions such as reasoning and planning. The parietal lobe (Choice B) is located in the middle part of the brain and plays a role in sensory information processing. The temporal lobe (Choice C) is located on the sides of the brain and is involved in processing auditory information and memory. Therefore, the occipital lobe (Choice D) is the correct answer as it is the most posterior region of the brain.

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