Nursing Elites

1. What is the primary function of the liver?

• A. To produce bile, which aids in the digestion of fats
• B. To store energy in the form of glycogen
• C. To produce proteins that assist in blood clotting
• D. To detoxify harmful substances in the body

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The primary function of the liver is to detoxify harmful substances in the body. While the liver does produce bile to aid in the digestion of fats, this is not its primary function. Bile is stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine for fat digestion. Storing energy in the form of glycogen is a function of the liver, but not its primary one. Glycogen serves as a reserve of glucose. Although the liver produces proteins that assist in blood clotting, such as fibrinogen and prothrombin, this is not its main function. These proteins play a crucial role in blood clotting to prevent excessive bleeding. Therefore, the primary role of the liver is to detoxify harmful substances by processing and removing toxins, drugs, alcohol, and other harmful substances from the bloodstream, thereby reducing their harmful effects.

2. What is the term for the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance?

• A. Solubility
• B. Miscibility
• C. Immiscibility
• D. Reactivity

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Solubility is the property that describes the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance. When a substance is soluble in another, it means it can form a homogeneous solution by dispersing at a molecular level within the solvent. Miscibility, on the other hand, refers to the ability of two liquids to mix and form a homogeneous solution. Immiscibility indicates the inability of substances to mix to form a homogeneous solution. Reactivity pertains to the ability of a substance to undergo chemical reactions, which is distinct from the concept of solubility.

3. Which of the following nutrients is correctly matched with its foundational components?

• A. Carbohydrates are formed when glucose molecules bond together.
• B. Lipids consist of fatty acids and glycerol.
• C. Nucleic acids consist of nitrogenous bases, sugar, and phosphate groups.
• D. Proteins consist of strings of amino acids.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Proteins consist of strings of amino acids. Amino acids are the basic building blocks of proteins, and they are linked together in a specific sequence to form a protein structure. This is a correct match between the nutrient (proteins) and its foundational components (amino acids). Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not accurately match the foundational components of the respective nutrients. Carbohydrates are not formed by glucose molecules bonding together; they are made up of sugar molecules. Lipids consist of fatty acids and glycerol, but they are not nutrients typically associated with bonding for formation. Nucleic acids do consist of nitrogenous bases, sugar, and phosphate groups, but they are not the correct match for the question.

4. Which property of matter remains constant regardless of changes in gravity?

• A. Mass
• B. Weight
• C. Volume
• D. Density

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object and remains constant regardless of changes in gravity. This is because mass is an intrinsic property of an object and does not depend on the gravitational field it is in. Weight, on the other hand, is the force of gravity acting on an object's mass and can vary depending on the strength of gravity. Volume is the amount of space an object occupies, which can change depending on the environment. Density is the mass of an object per unit volume, which can also change with variations in gravity. Therefore, the correct answer is Mass as it remains the same regardless of gravitational changes.

5. Which protein complex in the sarcomere is responsible for the thick filament?

• A. Actin
• B. Myosin
• C. Tropomyosin
• D. Troponin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Myosin is the protein complex responsible for the thick filament in the sarcomere. It interacts with actin, another protein in the sarcomere, to generate the sliding movement that results in muscle contraction. Actin is a thin filament protein that interacts with myosin to create the sliding filament mechanism. Tropomyosin and troponin are regulatory proteins that regulate muscle contraction by controlling the interaction between actin and myosin, rather than directly being responsible for the thick filament.

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