Nursing Elites

1. Why might certain young people be underweight?

• A. They are growing in height faster than they are gaining weight.
• B. They eat little protein and too much fat and sugar.
• C. They eat several meals a day and fail to exercise enough.
• D. They seldom eat a meal that contains foods from all food groups.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Certain young people might be underweight because they are growing in height faster than they are gaining weight. During periods of rapid growth, the body's energy requirements are primarily directed towards height growth rather than weight gain, resulting in some individuals being underweight despite consuming sufficient calories. Choice B is incorrect because the question focuses on reasons related to growth rather than diet composition. Choice C is incorrect as it suggests overeating rather than the specific growth-related issue of height surpassing weight gain. Choice D is incorrect as it addresses nutritional variety rather than the growth dynamics affecting weight.

2. Which structure in the kidney filters blood to form urine?

• A. Nephron
• B. Glomerulus
• C. Bowman's capsule
• D. Loop of Henle

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The glomerulus is a key structure in the kidney responsible for filtering blood. It consists of a network of capillaries that filter waste products and excess substances from the blood, allowing the formation of urine. While the nephron, Bowman's capsule, and Loop of Henle are also essential components of the kidney's filtration system, the glomerulus is specifically involved in the initial blood filtration process. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, Bowman's capsule surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate, and the Loop of Henle is responsible for reabsorption and concentration of urine, not the initial blood filtration.

3. Where is a herniated lumbar disc most likely to cause pain?

• A. Along the radial nerve
• B. Within the spinal cord
• C. Along the sciatic nerve
• D. Along the tibial nerve

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A herniated lumbar disc is most likely to cause pain along the sciatic nerve. The sciatic nerve is a long nerve that extends from the lower back down the back of each leg. Compression of the sciatic nerve by a herniated disc can lead to symptoms such as pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness that radiates down the leg. This condition is commonly referred to as sciatica. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because a herniated lumbar disc typically affects the sciatic nerve, not the radial nerve, spinal cord, or tibial nerve.

4. Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for auditory functioning?

• A. Frontal lobe
• B. Temporal lobe
• C. Occipital lobe
• D. Parietal lobe

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Temporal lobe. The temporal lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for processing auditory information, including sound perception, speech recognition, and language comprehension. Damage to the temporal lobe can lead to difficulties in hearing, understanding spoken language, and recognizing familiar sounds. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the frontal lobe is mainly associated with functions such as decision-making and personality, the occipital lobe is primarily responsible for processing visual information, and the parietal lobe is involved in sensory functions and spatial processing, not auditory functioning.

5. What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

• A. To transport oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
• B. To regulate body temperature
• C. To fight infections
• D. To produce energy

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The primary function of the respiratory system is to facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and the bloodstream. Oxygen is taken in during inhalation and transported to cells, while carbon dioxide is removed during exhalation as a waste product of cellular metabolism. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not reflect the primary function of the respiratory system. Regulating body temperature is mainly controlled by the thermoregulatory system, fighting infections is a function of the immune system, and producing energy is primarily done by the metabolic system.

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