Nursing Elites

1. What does the parathyroid hormone regulate?

• A. Magnesium
• B. Calcium
• C. Calcitonin
• D. Glucocorticoids

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The parathyroid hormone primarily regulates calcium levels in the blood. It acts to increase calcium levels by stimulating the release of calcium from bones, enhancing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys, and promoting the conversion of vitamin D to its active form, which aids in calcium absorption from the intestines. Therefore, the correct answer is B. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the parathyroid hormone does not play a significant role in the regulation of magnesium (Choice A), calcitonin (Choice C), or glucocorticoids (Choice D).

2. What type of joint is found in the elbow?

• A. Ball and socket joint
• B. Hinge joint
• C. Pivot joint
• D. Saddle joint

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is a hinge joint. The elbow joint is a hinge joint that allows for flexion and extension movements, much like the movement of a door hinge. This type of joint permits movement in one plane, similar to the action of opening and closing a door. The other choices are incorrect: A) Ball and socket joints allow for a wide range of motion in multiple directions, such as the hip and shoulder joints. C) Pivot joints allow rotation around a single axis, like the joint at the top of the neck that allows the head to turn from side to side. D) Saddle joints are found in the thumb and have a biaxial range of motion allowing flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction.

3. Which of the following are considered normal values for the measure of a person’s pulse and blood pressure?

• A. 55 beats per minute and 75 over 60 mm Hg
• B. 72 beats per minute and 120 over 80 mm Hg
• C. 100 beats per minute and 140 over 100 mm Hg
• D. 160 beats per minute and 100 over 70 mm Hg

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Normal values for pulse rate typically range between 60 to 100 beats per minute, while normal blood pressure values are usually around 120/80 mm Hg. Option B falls within these normal ranges for both pulse rate and blood pressure, making it the correct choice. Choices A, C, and D have either pulse rate, blood pressure, or both values outside the normal ranges, making them incorrect.

4. Which type of muscle tissue is under voluntary control?

• A. Smooth muscle
• B. Cardiac muscle
• C. Skeletal muscle
• D. Cardiac muscle

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Skeletal muscle is under voluntary control, allowing conscious regulation for activities like walking and lifting. This type of muscle is attached to bones and is responsible for movement in the body. Smooth muscle (Choice A) is involuntary and found in organs like the stomach and intestines. Cardiac muscle (Choice B and D) is also involuntary and specific to the heart, contracting rhythmically to pump blood, but it is not under conscious control.

5. How does the skeletal system work with the nervous system?

• A. The bones transmit signals about body position to the brain.
• B. Pain nerves within bones notify the brain of injuries.
• C. The vertebrae of the spine protect the spinal cord.
• D. Bone marrow generates and houses nerve cells.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The skeletal system collaborates with the nervous system by providing protection and support for critical nervous system components. The vertebrae of the spine play a crucial role in safeguarding the spinal cord, a key component of the nervous system responsible for transmitting messages between the brain and the body. Protecting the spinal cord is essential to prevent neurological complications. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because while bones do play a role in body position and can sense pain, the primary focus of the skeletal system's interaction with the nervous system is to protect vital components like the spinal cord, rather than generating nerve cells.

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