Nursing Elites

1. Which type of blood vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?

• A. Vein
• B. Artery
• C. Capillary
• D. Lymphatic vessel

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body, delivering nutrients and oxygen to the tissues. Veins, on the other hand, carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Capillaries are where the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products occurs between the blood and tissues. Lymphatic vessels are responsible for transporting lymph, which is a clear fluid containing white blood cells and waste products, and play a key role in the immune system.

2. What is the function of a cell wall?

• A. To provide structural support for the cell
• B. To transport substances in and out of the cell
• C. To synthesize proteins and lipids
• D. To store genetic material

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The cell wall is a rigid layer that surrounds the cell membrane in plant cells, fungi, and some bacteria. Its main function is to provide structural support and protection for the cell, helping maintain the cell's shape and preventing it from bursting or collapsing. The cell wall also allows for the passage of water, ions, and other molecules in and out of the cell. Options B, C, and D are incorrect because those functions are typically carried out by other cellular structures. Option B is performed by the cell membrane, option C by ribosomes, and option D by the nucleus, which stores genetic material.

3. In experimental design, which variable is measured as a possible effect and is plotted on the y-axis?

• A. Independent, x
• B. Independent, y
• C. Dependent, x
• D. Dependent, y

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Dependent, y.' In experimental design, the dependent variable is the outcome that is being measured or observed as a result of changes in the independent variable. It is typically plotted on the y-axis of a graph to represent the effect or response to the changes in the independent variable. Choice A 'Independent, x' is incorrect because the independent variable is the variable manipulated by the experimenter and is usually plotted on the x-axis. Choice B 'Independent, y' is incorrect as the independent variable is not plotted on the y-axis. Choice C 'Dependent, x' is incorrect because the dependent variable is not typically plotted on the x-axis in experimental design.

4. What does the term 'solute' refer to in a solution?

• A. The substance present in the largest amount
• B. The substance that dissolves in the solvent
• C. The liquid portion of the solution
• D. The temperature at which the solution freezes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In a solution, the term 'solute' specifically refers to the substance that dissolves in the solvent to create a solution. The solute is typically present in a smaller amount compared to the solvent. Option B correctly identifies the solute as the substance that undergoes dissolution in the solvent, making it the correct choice. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Choice A is actually describing the solvent, which is the substance present in the largest amount in a solution. Choice C refers to the solvent, not the solute. Choice D is unrelated to the term 'solute' as it describes the colligative property of freezing point depression, not the solute itself.

5. How is power defined in terms of physics?

• A. The rate at which work is done
• B. The amount of force applied
• C. The distance an object travels
• D. The potential energy of an object

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In physics, power is defined as the rate at which work is done, which refers to the amount of energy transferred or converted per unit time. Choice B, 'The amount of force applied,' is incorrect as power is related to work done, not just force. Choice C, 'The distance an object travels,' is not the definition of power but rather relates to displacement or distance. Choice D, 'The potential energy of an object,' is not the correct definition of power; potential energy is different from power. Therefore, the correct definition of power in physics is the rate at which work is done.

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