Nursing Elites

1. Which type of blood vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?

• A. Vein
• B. Artery
• C. Capillary
• D. Lymphatic vessel

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body, delivering nutrients and oxygen to the tissues. Veins, on the other hand, carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Capillaries are where the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products occurs between the blood and tissues. Lymphatic vessels are responsible for transporting lymph, which is a clear fluid containing white blood cells and waste products, and play a key role in the immune system.

2. What part of speech is the word 'growing' in the sentence: 'He felt a growing sense of unease'?

• A. Verb
• B. Adjective
• C. Noun
• D. Adverb

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The word 'growing' in the sentence 'He felt a growing sense of unease' is functioning as an adjective. It describes the sense of unease, indicating a characteristic of the sense rather than an action (verb), a person, place, thing, or idea (noun), or modifying a verb, an adjective, or another adverb (adverb). Therefore, 'growing' is an adjective in this context.

3. Which of the following best describes a plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions?

• A. Coronal
• B. Transverse
• C. Oblique
• D. Median

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Transverse. A transverse plane, also known as a horizontal plane, divides the body into upper and lower portions. This plane is perpendicular to the long axis of the body. Coronal planes divide the body into anterior and posterior portions. Oblique planes pass through the body at an angle, neither strictly horizontal nor vertical. The median plane passes longitudinally through the body, dividing it into equal left and right halves.

4. During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the atria contract, pushing blood into the ventricles?

• A. Atrial diastole
• B. Ventricular systole
• C. Atrial systole
• D. Ventricular diastole

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Atrial systole is the phase of the cardiac cycle during which the atria contract, pushing blood into the ventricles. This occurs after the atria have been filled during atrial diastole. Ventricular systole refers to the phase when the ventricles contract to push blood out of the heart, not when the atria contract. Ventricular diastole is the phase when the ventricles relax and fill with blood, not when the atria contract. Therefore, the correct answer is atrial systole as it specifically describes the atrial contraction phase.

5. What is the approximate composition of blood?

• A. 45% plasma, 55% formed elements
• B. 55% plasma, 45% formed elements
• C. 55% water, 45% blood cells
• D. 45% water, 55% plasma

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Blood is composed of approximately 55% plasma (mostly water with proteins, electrolytes, and nutrients) and 45% formed elements (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets). Choice B is the correct answer. Choice A is incorrect as it reverses the percentages. Choice C is incorrect because it incorrectly states that blood cells make up 45% of blood, while they are part of the formed elements along with platelets. Choice D is incorrect as it suggests that water makes up 45% of blood, which is not accurate.

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