Nursing Elites

1. What are fingernails and toenails primarily made of?

• A. Collagen (Collagen is found in the dermis)
• B. Keratin
• C. Melanin (Melanin provides pigment, not structure)
• D. Sebum (Sebum is an oily substance)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Fingernails and toenails are primarily made of a protein called keratin. Keratin is a tough, fibrous protein that provides structure and strength to nails, hair, and the outer layer of skin. Collagen, as mentioned, is found in the dermis and is not the primary component of nails. Melanin provides pigment to the skin and hair, not the structure of nails. Sebum is an oily substance produced by the skin's sebaceous glands and is not a structural component of nails.

2. How is power related to work and time?

• A. Power = Work ÷ Time
• B. Power = Work × Time
• C. Power = Work + Time
• D. Power = Work - Time

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Power is defined as the rate at which work is done or the amount of work done per unit of time. The correct formula to relate power, work, and time is Power = Work ÷ Time. This formula shows that power is calculated by dividing the amount of work done by the time taken to do that work, indicating the rate at which work is being done. Choice B (Power = Work × Time) is incorrect because multiplying work and time does not yield a measure of power. Choice C (Power = Work + Time) is incorrect as adding work and time does not define power. Choice D (Power = Work - Time) is also incorrect because subtracting work and time does not relate to the concept of power.

3. What is the sensory threshold?

• A. The smallest amount of stimulus required for an individual to feel a sensation
• B. The amount of stimulus required for an individual to feel pain
• C. The amount of stimulus required to cause an individual to move away from the stimulus
• D. The place from which the stimulus is coming

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The sensory threshold refers to the smallest amount of stimulus required for an individual to perceive or feel a sensation. It is the minimum level of stimulus intensity that is detectable by an individual. Choice B is incorrect because the sensory threshold is not specifically related to feeling pain but rather to perceiving any sensation. Choice C is incorrect as the sensory threshold is about perception and not necessarily physical reaction. Choice D is incorrect as it describes the source of the stimulus, not the threshold for perception.

4. Bile, a digestive juice, is produced by which organ?

• A. Stomach
• B. Liver
• C. Pancreas
• D. Small intestine

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Bile is a digestive juice produced by the liver. It is stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats. The stomach (Choice A) produces gastric juices, not bile. The pancreas (Choice C) produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate but not bile. The small intestine (Choice D) is where bile is released to aid in digestion but is not the organ that produces bile.

5. Which of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

• A. Pulmonary vein
• B. Pulmonary artery
• C. Aorta
• D. Vena cava

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pulmonary vein. The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. It is essential to distinguish between the pulmonary vein (A) and the pulmonary artery (B) in this context. The pulmonary vein transports oxygenated blood, while the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. The aorta (C) functions as the main artery that delivers oxygenated blood from the heart to the body's tissues, while the vena cava (D) returns deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart.

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