Nursing Elites

1. Which statement is true about the pH of a solution?

• A. A solution cannot have a pH less than 0.
• B. A solution always has a pH of 7.
• C. A solution's pH is not influenced by its chemical composition.
• D. A solution with a pH of 14 is considered acidic.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 0 being the most acidic, 7 neutral, and 14 the most basic. A solution with a pH less than 0 would be outside the defined pH range, as 0 is the lower limit. Therefore, a solution cannot have a pH less than 0. Choice B is incorrect because a pH of 7 is considered neutral, not always the pH of a solution. Choice C is incorrect because a solution's pH is influenced by its chemical composition. Choice D is incorrect as a solution with a pH of 14 is considered highly basic, not acidic.

2. Which of the following is an example of a nosocomial infection?

• A. The common cold contracted from a family member
• B. A urinary tract infection (UTI) acquired during a catheterization
• C. A fungal skin infection from contaminated soil
• D. Food poisoning from undercooked chicken

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A nosocomial infection, also known as a healthcare-associated infection (HAI), is an infection that is acquired in a healthcare setting. In this case, a UTI acquired during a catheterization procedure is a classic example of a nosocomial infection. Catheterization involves the insertion of a tube into the urinary tract, which can introduce bacteria into the urinary system and lead to an infection. Nosocomial infections are a significant concern in healthcare settings due to the potential for increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Let's review the other options: A) The common cold contracted from a family member - This is not a nosocomial infection as it is acquired outside of a healthcare setting. C) A fungal skin infection from contaminated soil - This is not a nosocomial infection as it is acquired from environmental exposure, not in a healthcare setting.

3. What type of force opposes the motion of an object moving through a fluid (liquid or gas)?

• A. Gravitational force
• B. Tension force
• C. Viscous force
• D. Magnetic force

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When an object moves through a fluid, it experiences resistance due to the viscosity of the fluid. This resistance is known as the viscous force, which opposes the motion of the object. Gravitational force is the force of attraction between two objects with mass, tension force is the force transmitted through a string, and magnetic force is the force exerted by magnets. In the context of an object moving through a fluid, the force opposing its motion is the viscous force because it resists the relative motion of the object through the fluid.

4. Which dome-shaped muscular structure separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity?

• A. Diaphragm
• B. Sternum
• C. Pericardium
• D. Trachea

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The diaphragm is the correct answer. It is a dome-shaped muscular structure that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. The diaphragm plays a crucial role in breathing by contracting and relaxing to change thoracic volume during inhalation and exhalation. The sternum is a flat bone in the center of the chest and is not the structure that separates the chest and abdominal cavities. The pericardium is a membrane that surrounds the heart, not involved in separating cavities. The trachea is the windpipe that connects the larynx to the bronchi and is not the structure that separates the chest and abdominal cavities.

5. Which property of a substance refers to its ability to be stretched into thin wires without breaking?

• A. Conductivity
• B. Viscosity
• C. Ductility
• D. Malleability

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Ductility is the property of a substance that allows it to be stretched into thin wires without breaking. This property is distinct from the other options provided. Conductivity refers to the ability to conduct electricity or heat, viscosity refers to a liquid's resistance to flow, and malleability refers to the ability of a substance to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Ductility.'

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