Nursing Elites

1. Which organelle is responsible for storing genetic material?

• A. Mitochondria
• B. Nucleus
• C. Ribosome
• D. Endoplasmic reticulum

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is the Nucleus. The nucleus is responsible for storing genetic material (DNA) and controlling cell functions. Mitochondria are known for energy production, not genetic storage. Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, not genetic material storage. The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein and lipid synthesis, not genetic material storage. Therefore, the nucleus is the organelle primarily responsible for housing the genetic material within a cell.

2. How does the amplitude of a wave relate to its intensity or loudness?

• A. They are inversely proportional.
• B. They are directly proportional.
• C. They have no relationship.
• D. Amplitude affects frequency, not intensity.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The amplitude of a wave is directly related to its intensity or loudness. In general, the larger the amplitude of a wave, the greater its intensity or loudness. This relationship is due to the fact that the amplitude of a wave represents the maximum displacement of particles in the medium from their rest position. The greater the displacement, the more energy the wave carries, leading to higher intensity or louder sound. Choice A is incorrect because the relationship between amplitude and intensity is direct, not inverse. Choice C is incorrect as there is a clear relationship between amplitude and intensity. Choice D is incorrect as amplitude primarily affects intensity or loudness, not frequency.

3. What is the protective fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord called?

• A. Blood
• B. Cerebrospinal fluid
• C. Plasma
• D. Myelin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Cerebrospinal fluid is the protective fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. It acts as a cushion to protect these vital organs from injury and provides nutrients to the nervous system. Blood, plasma, and myelin are not the fluids specifically surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Blood is found within blood vessels, plasma is the liquid component of blood, and myelin is a fatty substance that forms a protective sheath around nerve fibers.

4. Calcitonin, a hormone that helps regulate calcium levels, is produced by the:

• A. Thyroid gland
• B. Parathyroid gland
• C. Thymus gland
• D. Adrenal gland

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Calcitonin is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland. It helps regulate calcium levels in the body by inhibiting the breakdown of bone and promoting calcium excretion by the kidneys. The parathyroid gland produces parathyroid hormone (PTH), which works in opposition to calcitonin to regulate calcium levels. The thymus gland is involved in the development of the immune system, and the adrenal gland produces hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline. Therefore, the correct answer is the thyroid gland as it specifically secretes calcitonin for calcium regulation.

5. What is apoptosis, and how is it involved in embryonic development?

• A. Uncontrolled cell growth
• B. Programmed cell death
• C. DNA replication
• D. Cell division

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death, not uncontrolled cell growth (Choice A). It plays a vital role in embryonic development by eliminating unnecessary or damaged cells, sculpting organs, and ensuring proper tissue organization. Through apoptosis, the embryo undergoes controlled cell death to shape structures accurately. This mechanism is essential for the precise development of organs and tissues, emphasizing the significance of apoptosis in embryogenesis. DNA replication (Choice C) and cell division (Choice D) are essential cellular processes but are not directly related to apoptosis or its role in embryonic development.

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