Nursing Elites

1. Which organ is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances in the body?

• A. Kidneys
• B. Liver
• C. Heart
• D. Pancreas

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is the Liver. The liver is the organ responsible for detoxifying harmful substances in the body. It accomplishes this by metabolizing drugs and filtering blood. The liver plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health by processing and eliminating toxins. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. The kidneys primarily filter blood to remove waste and excess substances, the heart is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body, and the pancreas aids in digestion and regulating blood sugar levels, but none of these organs are primarily responsible for detoxification.

2. What is the shape of the DNA molecule?

• A. Linear
• B. Circular
• C. Double helix
• D. Straight chain

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Double helix. The shape of the DNA molecule is a double helix, a structure first described by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953. This shape consists of two strands twisted around each other in a spiral. The double helix structure allows DNA to be compactly stored within the cell nucleus and provides stability to the molecule. Options (A) Linear, (B) Circular, and (D) Straight chain are incorrect as they do not accurately represent the shape of the DNA molecule. DNA is not linear but rather forms a twisted double helix; it is not circular like a ring but has a spiral structure, and it is not a straight chain but a twisted ladder-like structure.

3. What is the tough, fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone?

• A. Fascia
• B. Perimysium
• C. Tendon
• D. Ligament

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Tendons are the correct answer as they are the tough, fibrous connective tissues that attach muscle to bone. They play a crucial role in transmitting the forces generated by muscle contraction to the bones, facilitating movement. Fascia surrounds muscles and provides support, perimysium is the connective tissue sheath around muscle fibers, and ligaments connect bone to bone, stabilizing joints, which makes them distinct from tendons.

4. What is the name of the curved bone in the back that provides support and attachment for muscles?

• A. Sternum
• B. Scapula
• C. Clavicle
• D. Vertebral column

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The vertebral column, also known as the spine, is the curved bone in the back that provides support and attachment for muscles. It consists of individual vertebrae stacked on top of each other, forming a flexible and protective structure for the spinal cord. The sternum, scapula, and clavicle are bones in the chest and shoulder regions, not in the back where the vertebral column is located. Therefore, the correct answer is the vertebral column (Option D). Options A, B, and C are incorrect as they are bones situated in the chest and shoulder areas, not in the back where the vertebral column is found.

5. Which of the following is the carbohydrate monomer?

• A. Disaccharide
• B. Lactose
• C. Monosaccharide
• D. Thymine

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Monosaccharide. Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of a single sugar unit. They are considered the carbohydrate monomers from which larger carbohydrates like disaccharides (composed of two sugar units) and polysaccharides (containing multiple sugar units) are built. Choices A and B, Disaccharide and Lactose, are not monomers but rather specific types of carbohydrates made up of multiple sugar units. Choice D, Thymine, is a nitrogenous base present in DNA and RNA, not a carbohydrate monomer.

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