Nursing Elites

1. Which of these represents a strong acid?

• A. CH₃COOH
• B. H₂SO₄
• C. NH₃
• D. KOH

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Among the options provided, H₂SO₄ (sulfuric acid) represents a strong acid. Strong acids completely ionize in water to produce a high concentration of H+ ions. Sulfuric acid is a strong acid known for its ability to dissociate almost completely in water, making it a strong acid. Choice A, CH₃COOH (acetic acid), is a weak acid that only partially dissociates in water. Choices C and D, NH₃ (ammonia) and KOH (potassium hydroxide), are bases and not acids.

2. Which particles are emitted during radioactivity?

• A. Electrons
• B. Protons
• C. Radiation
• D. Neutrons

Correct answer: C

Rationale: During radioactivity, radiation is emitted from an unstable nucleus. This radiation can take various forms like alpha particles, beta particles, or gamma rays. These particles or rays are emitted as a result of the unstable nucleus's attempt to achieve a more stable configuration. Therefore, the correct answer is radiation (Choice C). Electrons (Choice A), protons (Choice B), and neutrons (Choice D) are not typically emitted during radioactivity, as the emission is primarily in the form of radiation.

3. In what type of covalent compounds are dispersion forces typically found?

• A. Polar
• B. Non-polar
• C. Ionic
• D. Hydrogen

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Dispersion forces, also known as London dispersion forces, are the weakest intermolecular forces that occur in non-polar covalent compounds. These forces result from temporary shifts in electron density within molecules, creating temporary dipoles. As a result, non-polar molecules, which lack a permanent dipole moment, can experience these dispersion forces. Polar compounds exhibit stronger intermolecular forces such as dipole-dipole interactions or hydrogen bonding, while ionic compounds involve electrostatic interactions between ions. Therefore, the correct answer is non-polar (choice B). Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because dispersion forces are typically found in non-polar covalent compounds, not polar, ionic, or hydrogen-bonded compounds.

4. What does the term amphoteric mean?

• A. A substance that only acts as a base
• B. A substance that can act as both a base and an acid
• C. A substance that only acts as an acid
• D. A substance that acts as neither a base nor an acid

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The term 'amphoteric' refers to substances that have the ability to act as both acids and bases depending on the surrounding conditions. This dual nature allows amphoteric substances to donate or accept protons, making them versatile in various chemical reactions. Choice A is incorrect because amphoteric substances can also act as acids. Choice C is incorrect as amphoteric substances can also act as bases. Choice D is incorrect as amphoteric substances can act as either a base or an acid.

5. If oxygen is in a compound, what would its oxidation number be?

• A. 2
• B. -2
• C. 0
• D. -1

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Oxygen typically has an oxidation number of -2 in compounds because it tends to gain electrons. This is due to its high electronegativity, which leads to oxygen attracting electrons towards itself in a chemical bond. Choice A (2) is incorrect because oxygen doesn't have a +2 oxidation number in compounds. Choice C (0) is incorrect as oxygen rarely has an oxidation number of 0 in compounds. Choice D (-1) is incorrect as oxygen's oxidation number in compounds is typically -2, not -1.

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