Nursing Elites

1. What is the energy required to remove the outermost electron from an atom called?

• A. covalent bonding
• B. electronegativity
• C. atomic radius
• D. ionization energy

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Ionization energy is the energy needed to remove the outermost electron from an atom, resulting in the formation of a positively charged ion. The higher the ionization energy, the more difficult it is to extract an electron. Electronegativity, however, measures an atom's ability to attract shared electrons in a chemical bond. Atomic radius refers to the distance from the nucleus to the outermost electron. Covalent bonding involves sharing electron pairs between atoms to create a stable bond. Therefore, the correct answer is ionization energy as it specifically relates to the energy needed to remove an electron from an atom.

2. Which is a triatomic allotrope of oxygen?

• A. Ozone
• B. Water
• C. Acidic oxide
• D. Carbon dioxide

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Ozone (O3) is a triatomic allotrope of oxygen. It differs from the common diatomic oxygen molecule (O2) by having three oxygen atoms bonded together. Ozone is known for its protective role in the Earth's atmosphere, absorbing most of the Sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation. Water (H2O) is a compound composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Acidic oxide and carbon dioxide are not triatomic allotropes of oxygen. Carbon dioxide consists of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms, while acidic oxides refer to compounds where oxygen is bonded with other elements to form oxides, and they are not allotropes of oxygen.

3. On the periodic table, families of elements with similar properties appear in the same _________.

• A. row
• B. principal energy level
• C. period
• D. column

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Families of elements with similar properties appear in the same column on the periodic table. Columns are also known as groups, and elements within the same group have similar chemical and physical properties due to their identical number of valence electrons. Therefore, the correct answer is 'column.' Choice A, 'row,' is incorrect because rows on the periodic table are called periods, not families or groups of elements. Choice B, 'principal energy level,' is incorrect as it refers to the energy levels of electrons around the nucleus of an atom, not the arrangement of elements with similar properties on the periodic table. Choice C, 'period,' is incorrect as periods represent horizontal rows on the periodic table, where elements do not necessarily have similar properties compared to elements in the same column.

4. What is the oxidation state of the potassium ion in the compound KCl?

• A. +1
• B. -1
• C. +2
• D. -2

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In the compound KCl (potassium chloride), potassium is in Group 1 of the periodic table, which means it has a valence electron of 1. Chlorine is in Group 17 and gains one electron to achieve a stable electron configuration by forming an ionic bond with potassium. As a result, the potassium ion in KCl has a +1 oxidation state. Therefore, the correct answer is +1. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not reflect the oxidation state of the potassium ion in KCl.

5. What is atomic mass?

• A. Number of protons in an atom
• B. Sum of protons and neutrons
• C. Number of neutrons in an atom
• D. Average weight of an element

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Atomic mass, also known as atomic weight, is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom. It represents the average mass of an atom of an element, taking into account the different isotopes and their relative abundance. Neutrons contribute to the atomic mass alongside protons, while the number of neutrons alone is not the definition of atomic mass. Choice A is incorrect because it refers only to the number of protons, not the complete atomic mass. Choice C is incorrect as it focuses solely on the number of neutrons, excluding the contribution of protons. Choice D is incorrect as it mentions the 'average weight of an element,' which is related to atomic mass but does not encapsulate the specific definition of atomic mass as the sum of protons and neutrons.

Similar Questions