Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following statements best defines an organelle?

• A. Layer of polysaccharides outside the plasma membrane of cells.
• B. Abnormal infectious proteins.
• C. Specialized structures within a cell.
• D. Collection of tissues used to serve a specific function.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Specialized structures within a cell.' An organelle is a specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function. Organelles are membrane-bound structures found within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, each performing distinct roles that contribute to the overall functioning of the cell. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Option A describes the glycocalyx, which is a layer of polysaccharides outside the plasma membrane of cells. Option B refers to prions, abnormal infectious proteins. Option D defines an organ, a collection of tissues used to serve a specific function, rather than an organelle within a cell.

2. The above experimental design description is an example of which of the following types of experiments?

• A. field experiment
• B. natural experiment
• C. controlled experiment
• D. observational study

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The above experimental design description involves the manipulation of an independent variable (light exposure) to observe its effects on the dependent variable (plant growth) under controlled conditions. In a controlled experiment, researchers actively manipulate one or more variables while keeping all other variables constant to establish cause-and-effect relationships. Choice A, a field experiment, typically takes place in a real-world setting but still involves manipulation and control of variables. Choice B, a natural experiment, involves observing naturally occurring differences in variables without researcher intervention. Choice D, an observational study, does not involve manipulation of variables, making it different from the described experimental design.

3. Where is the scapula in relation to the olecranon?

• A. Distal
• B. Lateral
• C. Ventral
• D. Superior

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Superior.' The scapula is located superior to the olecranon. In anatomical terms, 'superior' refers to a position above or higher than a reference point. 'Distal' is a term used to describe a position farther away from the point of attachment or origin. 'Lateral' refers to a position further away from the midline of the body. 'Ventral' refers to the front or anterior side of the body. In this case, the scapula being superior to the olecranon means it is positioned above the olecranon bone.

4. Which nitrogenous bases pair with each other in DNA?

• A. A-G and T-C
• B. A-T and C-G
• C. A-T and T-T
• D. C-C and G-G

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In DNA, nitrogenous bases pair with each other in a specific manner known as complementary base pairing. Adenine (A) always pairs with Thymine (T), and Cytosine (C) always pairs with Guanine (G). This pairing is essential for maintaining the structure and function of DNA. Option B is the correct answer as it correctly identifies the nitrogenous bases that pair with each other in DNA. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not follow the established base pairing rules in DNA. A-T and C-G are the complementary base pairs in DNA, ensuring the stability and replication fidelity of the genetic material.

5. What property of a substance refers to its ability to be drawn into thin wires without breaking?

• A. Malleability
• B. Viscosity
• C. Ductility
• D. Conductivity

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Ductility is the property that allows a substance to be drawn into thin wires without breaking. Malleability, on the other hand, is the ability to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets. Viscosity is the measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. Conductivity, lastly, refers to a substance's ability to conduct electricity or heat. Therefore, in this context, the correct answer is ductility as it specifically relates to the ability of a substance to be drawn into thin wires without breaking.

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