Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following shows how information is transformed to make a protein?

• A. DNA-RNA-protein
• B. gene-chromosome-protein
• C. ATP-amino acid-protein
• D. RNA-DNA-protein

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct sequence of events for protein synthesis is that DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into a protein. This process is known as the central dogma of molecular biology. In this sequence, DNA serves as the template for RNA synthesis (transcription), and the RNA serves as the template for protein synthesis (translation). Choice B is incorrect as genes are segments of DNA that code for proteins, and chromosomes are structures that contain DNA. Choice C is incorrect as ATP is an energy molecule and amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, but they are not directly involved in the synthesis process. Choice D is incorrect because RNA is first transcribed from DNA and then used as a template to produce proteins.

2. ___________ is a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is not affected.

• A. Mutualism
• B. Parasitism
• C. Commensalism
• D. Competition

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Commensalism.' In commensalism, one organism benefits from the relationship while the other is neither helped nor harmed. This type of symbiotic relationship is characterized by one organism deriving a benefit, such as food or shelter, without impacting the other organism in any significant way. Choice A, 'Mutualism,' is a symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit. Choice B, 'Parasitism,' is a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits at the expense of the other. Choice D, 'Competition,' refers to a relationship in which organisms compete for limited resources, with both being affected in terms of access to resources.

3. Which part of the plant produces pollen?

• A. Anther
• B. Style
• C. Stigma
• D. Pistil

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The anther is the part of the flower that produces pollen. It is located at the tip of the stamen, the male reproductive organ of a flower. The anther contains pollen sacs where pollen grains are produced. The style is the part of the pistil that connects the stigma to the ovary, playing a role in pollen tube growth. The stigma is the part of the pistil that receives pollen during fertilization. The pistil is the female reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary, and does not produce pollen.

4. Which of the following arrangement is seen in the plasma membrane?

• A. Lipids with embedded proteins
• B. An outer lipid layer and an inner lipid layer
• C. Proteins embedded in lipid bilayer
• D. Altering protein and lipid layers

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct arrangement seen in the plasma membrane is proteins embedded in the lipid bilayer. The plasma membrane is composed of a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins. These proteins perform various functions such as transport, signaling, and structural support within the cell membrane. This arrangement allows for the selective permeability of the membrane and facilitates communication between the cell and its environment. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the primary arrangement in the plasma membrane involves proteins being embedded in the lipid bilayer, not lipids with embedded proteins, an outer and inner lipid layer, or altering protein and lipid layers.

5. When the genotype consists of a dominant and a recessive allele, the phenotype will be like the _ allele.

• A. Dominant
• B. Recessive
• C. Both
• D. Neither

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When the genotype consists of a dominant and a recessive allele, the phenotype will be like the dominant allele. This is because dominant alleles typically mask the expression of recessive alleles. Therefore, the dominant allele will be expressed in the phenotype in most basic cases. The recessive allele will only be expressed phenotypically if the individual is homozygous recessive. Choice B, 'Recessive,' is incorrect because the phenotype will not be like the recessive allele in this case. Choice C, 'Both,' is incorrect because in simple dominant-recessive inheritance, the dominant allele will overshadow the recessive allele. Choice D, 'Neither,' is incorrect as the phenotype will resemble the dominant allele.

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