Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following sentences from a paragraph about gingivitis is the topic sentence?

• A. Gingivitis can be reversed by daily brushing, flossing, and regular dental cleanings.
• B. Gingivitis is a mild form of gum disease, in which bacteria causes inflammation of the gums.
• C. With gingivitis, the gums become red and swollen and can bleed easily.
• D. If left untreated, gingivitis can cause periodontitis, in which the gums pull away from the teeth.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The topic sentence in a paragraph typically introduces the main idea or topic of the paragraph. In this case, choice B correctly serves as the topic sentence by clearly stating that gingivitis is a mild form of gum disease caused by bacteria that leads to inflammation of the gums. Choices A, C, and D provide additional information that supports or follows the main idea but do not present the overarching topic of the paragraph.

2. What kinds of clauses does the following sentence contain? "Although Ted had an impressive education, he had little experience working with individuals, which made him less effective at relating to them."

• A. Two dependent clauses and one independent clause
• B. One dependent clause and two independent clauses
• C. Two independent clauses and no dependent clauses
• D. One dependent clause and one independent clause

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The sentence consists of one dependent clause, 'Although Ted had an impressive education,' which introduces a condition. It also contains two independent clauses: 'he had little experience working with individuals,' which presents a fact, and 'which made him less effective at relating to them,' which provides additional information. Therefore, the correct answer is B. Choice A is incorrect because it incorrectly identifies the number of independent and dependent clauses. Choice C is incorrect as it wrongly states that there are no dependent clauses in the sentence. Choice D is incorrect as it does not accurately represent the structure of the sentence.

3. She was really looking forward to the picnic, _________ she feared it might rain that afternoon. Which of the following transition words or phrases is more appropriate to complete the sentence above?

• A. after all
• B. likewise
• C. in other words
• D. although

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'D' - 'although.' This transition word is suitable in the context as it indicates a contrast between the excitement of looking forward to the picnic and the worry about rain. 'After all' (choice A) implies a conclusion or reasoning, which doesn't fit the contrast in the sentence. 'Likewise' (choice B) suggests similarity or agreement, which is opposite to the intended contrast. 'In other words' (choice C) signals clarification or providing more details, which is not needed here. Therefore, 'although' is the best choice to convey the contrast between anticipation and concern.

4. Identify the article in the following sentence: The delicious cake was enjoyed by everyone at the party.

• A. cake
• B. was
• C. the
• D. enjoyed

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'C - the.' Articles ('a,' 'an,' and 'the') indicate specificity of a noun. In this sentence, 'the' specifies that there is one particular cake being discussed. Choice A ('cake') is incorrect as it is the noun being modified by the article. Choice B ('was') is a verb and not an article. Choice D ('enjoyed') is also a verb and not an article.

5. What is the noun phrase in the following sentence?

• A. Puppy
• B. Charlotte
• C. German shepherd puppy
• D. Charlotte's new German shepherd puppy

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Charlotte's new German shepherd puppy.' A noun phrase is a group of words centered around a noun that functions as a subject, object, or complement within a sentence. In this sentence, 'Charlotte's new German shepherd puppy' is a noun phrase as it consists of multiple words ('Charlotte's,' 'new,' 'German shepherd,' 'puppy') and it serves as the subject of the sentence. Choice A, 'Puppy,' is not a complete noun phrase as it lacks the additional descriptors. Choice B, 'Charlotte,' is a proper noun and not a noun phrase. Choice C, 'German shepherd puppy,' is a noun phrase, but it does not include all the elements present in the complete noun phrase 'Charlotte's new German shepherd puppy.' Therefore, 'Charlotte's new German shepherd puppy' is the correct noun phrase in this sentence.

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