Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following sentences from a paragraph about gingivitis is the topic sentence?

• A. Gingivitis can be reversed by daily brushing, flossing, and regular dental cleanings.
• B. Gingivitis is a mild form of gum disease, in which bacteria causes inflammation of the gums.
• C. With gingivitis, the gums become red and swollen and can bleed easily.
• D. If left untreated, gingivitis can cause periodontitis, in which the gums pull away from the teeth.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The topic sentence in a paragraph typically introduces the main idea or topic of the paragraph. In this case, choice B correctly serves as the topic sentence by clearly stating that gingivitis is a mild form of gum disease caused by bacteria that leads to inflammation of the gums. Choices A, C, and D provide additional information that supports or follows the main idea but do not present the overarching topic of the paragraph.

2. What does the phrase 'to be on the same page' mean?

• A. To be physically close
• B. To agree or understand each other
• C. To be sharing the same goal
• D. To be facing the same direction

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To agree or understand each other.' The phrase 'to be on the same page' is an idiom that means to agree or understand each other. It implies being in sync or having a shared understanding with someone else. Choice A, 'To be physically close,' is incorrect as the phrase does not refer to physical proximity. Choice C, 'To be sharing the same goal,' is incorrect because while being on the same page may involve a shared goal, it primarily emphasizes agreement or mutual understanding. Choice D, 'To be facing the same direction,' is incorrect as it does not capture the essence of mutual agreement or understanding conveyed by the idiom.

3. Which of the following sentences best serves as the topic sentence in a paragraph about the history of yoga?

• A. The word 'yoga' was mentioned in the Vedas, a collection of texts containing songs, mantras, and rituals used by Vedic priests.
• B. By the late 1800s, yoga masters from India began to travel to the West, attracting followers.
• C. After a few hundred years, yoga masters rejected the teachings of the ancient Vedas and embraced the physical body as the means to achieve enlightenment.
• D. The practice of yoga first developed in the Indus-Sarasvati civilization in Northern India over 5,000 years ago.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it introduces the historical origin of yoga, which is the main focus of the paragraph. This sentence sets the context by providing a foundational understanding of where and when yoga originated. Choice A talks about the mention of yoga in the Vedas but does not provide information about the historical development of yoga itself. Choice B discusses the travel of yoga masters to the West, which is a later development in the history of yoga and not the starting point. Choice C refers to a shift in yoga philosophy without directly addressing its origins, making it less suitable as a topic sentence compared to choice D.

4. Which sentence is punctuated correctly?

• A. One of my favorite places to visit is San Francisco, California, and I'll never forget my trip there from June 2011.
• B. One of my favorite places to visit is San Francisco, California, and I'll never forget my trip there from June 2011.
• C. One of my favorite places to visit is San Francisco, California, and I'll never forget my trip there from June 2011.
• D. One of my favorite places to visit is San Francisco, California, and I'll never forget my trip there from June, 2011.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Choice C is the correct answer. The sentence is punctuated correctly with commas separating the city, state, and the rest of the sentence. In Choice A, there should be a comma after 'California' to correctly separate the city and state. Choice B lacks a comma after 'California,' creating a run-on sentence. Choice D incorrectly uses a comma before the year '2011,' which disrupts the flow of the sentence.

5. When a researcher submits a paper for publication in a scientific journal, the editors give it to other scientists to review. Which of the following options best uses grammar to combine the sentences above for clarity?

• A. When a researcher submits a paper for publication in a scientific journal, the editors give it to other scientists to review.
• B. The editors give it to other scientists after a researcher submits a paper for publication in a scientific journal, and they review it.
• C. A researcher submits a paper for publication in a scientific journal, and then the scientists review the paper because the editors gave it to other scientists.
• D. The scientists review the paper after the editors give it to them when a researcher submits a paper for publication in a scientific journal.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "When a researcher submits a paper for publication in a scientific journal, the editors give it to other scientists to review." This option provides a clear and concise way to combine the two sentences. It maintains the logical sequence of events: first, the researcher submits the paper, and then the editors pass it to other scientists for review. Option B introduces unnecessary complexity by separating the actions in a less fluid manner. Option C confuses the sequence of events by implying that the scientists review the paper because the editors already gave it to them, which is not the intended order of actions. Option D also disrupts the chronological order of events by placing the scientists' review before the editors give them the paper, making it less clear and accurate compared to the correct answer, option A.

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