Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following sentences contains an opinion on the part of the author?

• A. James was recognized as a practicing Catholic, and his commitment to Catholicism would prove to be his downfall.
• B. James' son King Charles I proved to be less committed to the Protestant Church of England.
• C. The movement was soundly defeated at the Battle of Culloden in 1746, and England and Scotland have remained ostensibly Protestant ever since.
• D. Scholars in the 21st century are far too hasty in dismissing the role of religion in political disputes, but religion undoubtedly played a role in the problems that faced England and Scotland.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The sentence in answer choice D expresses the opinion of the author by suggesting that scholars in the 21st century are hasty in dismissing the role of religion in political disputes. This opinion is presented without factual evidence or support within the passage, making it an opinion rather than a statement based on information provided in the text. Choice A simply states facts about James being a practicing Catholic and how it affected him, without expressing any opinion. Choice B also presents a factual statement about King Charles I's commitment to the Protestant Church of England. Choice C provides historical information about the Battle of Culloden and the religious state of England and Scotland, without any opinion from the author.

2. What was the author's intent in the passage?

• A. To persuade
• B. To entertain
• C. To express feeling
• D. To inform

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The author's primary intent in the passage is to inform the reader about historical events related to the succession of monarchs in England and Scotland. The passage presents factual information about the reigns of King James I, King Charles I, King Charles II, King James II, and the attempted recapture of the throne by Bonnie Prince Charlie. It details how religious differences and political conflicts shaped the history of England and Scotland. The other choices are incorrect because the author's focus is on providing historical facts rather than persuading, entertaining, or expressing personal feelings.

3. With which of the following statements would the author of the passage most likely agree?

• A. Malory and Tennyson shaped their approach to the Arthurian legends based on the defining qualities of their respective eras.
• B. Because Le Morte d'Arthur is more of a translation than a literary creation, Idylls of the King is a superior work.
• C. By undermining the moral qualities that Malory highlighted, Tennyson failed to appreciate the larger purpose of the stories in a medieval context.
• D. Ultimately, Malory's influence on Tennyson was minimal because Tennyson took a different approach and infused his poems with the mood of his day.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The author of the passage would most likely agree with the statement that Malory and Tennyson shaped their approach to the Arthurian legends based on the defining qualities of their respective eras. The passage discusses how Malory emphasized the moral elements in Medieval literature, while Tennyson, as a Victorian poet, focused more on romantic qualities and nature in his works. This difference in emphasis reflects the characteristics of their eras. Therefore, choice A aligns with the author's likely agreement. Choice B is incorrect because it incorrectly compares the two works based on translation and creation, which is not the main point of comparison discussed in the passage. Choice C is incorrect because Tennyson's different approach does not necessarily mean he failed to appreciate the stories' purpose, but rather highlights a shift in emphasis. Choice D is incorrect because the passage indicates that Tennyson was indeed heavily influenced by Malory, albeit with a different approach, making Malory's influence significant rather than minimal.

4. Which of the following would weaken the author's argument?

• A. a report revealing that the cited study was funded by a company that provides discounted tutoring through schools
• B. a study demonstrating differences in standardized test scores among students at schools in various neighborhoods
• C. a statement signed by local teachers affirming that they do not give preferential treatment in the classroom or during grading
• D. a study indicating that GPA has a weak correlation with success in college

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Choice A weakens the author's argument by highlighting a potential conflict of interest. If the cited study was funded by a company offering discounted tutoring, it could introduce bias and question the credibility of the study's findings. This revelation could cast doubt on the objectivity and reliability of the research, ultimately undermining the argument based on the cited study. Choices B, C, and D do not directly impact the credibility or objectivity of the cited study, so they would not significantly weaken the author's argument.

5. The author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements?

• A. Smokers should only quit cold turkey.
• B. Other substances are more addictive than tobacco.
• C. Smokers should quit for any reason that makes them stop.
• D. People who want to smoke should advocate for reduced taxes.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The author would likely agree that any reason to quit smoking is valid, based on their anti-smoking stance. The provided extract extensively discusses the harmful effects of smoking, the addictive nature of nicotine, and the negative consequences associated with tobacco products. The author emphasizes the health risks, financial burden, and social implications of smoking, promoting the idea that smokers should quit for any reason that helps them stop. Choice A, suggesting that smokers should only quit cold turkey, is too restrictive and doesn't consider individual differences in quitting methods. Choice B, stating that other substances are more addictive than tobacco, is not directly supported by the extract, which highlights the extreme addictiveness of nicotine. Choice D, proposing that people who want to smoke should advocate for reduced taxes, goes against the anti-smoking stance presented in the extract, which highlights the negative impact of smoking and high tobacco prices.

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