which of the following processes describes the conversion of glucose to pyruvic acid during glycolysis
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ATI TEAS 7

Practice Science TEAS Test

1. Which of the following processes describes the conversion of glucose to pyruvic acid during glycolysis?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Glycolysis. Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway where glucose is broken down to produce pyruvic acid and ATP, generating energy in the form of ATP. Glycogenesis (choice A) is the process of glycogen synthesis, Glycogenolysis (choice C) is the breakdown of glycogen to release glucose, and Gluconeogenesis (choice D) is the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. Therefore, during glycolysis, glucose is converted into pyruvic acid, which is a crucial step in energy production.

2. How do killer T cells recognize infected cells?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Killer T cells recognize infected cells by detecting viral proteins displayed on the surface of these cells. The T cells possess receptors specifically designed to identify these viral proteins, allowing them to target and eliminate the infected cells. Choice A is incorrect because B cells are not directly involved in the recognition process of infected cells by killer T cells. Choice B is incorrect because tiny bits of the virus's RNA being left around the cell is not how killer T cells primarily recognize infected cells. Choice C is incorrect because while macrophages play a role in immune responses, they do not directly assist in the recognition of infected cells by killer T cells.

3. Which hormone is produced by the thyroid gland to regulate metabolism?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Thyroxine, also known as T4, is the hormone produced by the thyroid gland to regulate metabolism. It is essential for controlling the body's metabolic rate, heart and digestive function, muscle control, brain development, and bone maintenance. Adrenaline is produced by the adrenal glands, not the thyroid gland. Cortisol is produced by the adrenal cortex, not the thyroid gland. Insulin is produced by the pancreas, not the thyroid gland. Therefore, the correct answer is Thyroxine (B).

4. Skeletal muscles are attached to bones by tough connective tissues called

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Skeletal muscles are attached to bones by tough connective tissues called tendons. Tendons are strong, fibrous cords that connect muscles to bones, allowing for movement and stability in the body. Ligaments (option A) connect bones to other bones, not muscles to bones. Cartilage (option C) is firm and flexible connective tissue found in various parts of the body, but it does not attach muscles to bones. Fascia (option D) is a connective tissue that surrounds muscles, providing support and protection, but it does not directly attach muscles to bones.

5. Which of the following nutrients is correctly matched with its foundational components?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Proteins consist of strings of amino acids. Amino acids are the basic building blocks of proteins, and they are linked together in a specific sequence to form a protein structure. This is a correct match between the nutrient (proteins) and its foundational components (amino acids). Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not accurately match the foundational components of the respective nutrients. Carbohydrates are not formed by glucose molecules bonding together; they are made up of sugar molecules. Lipids consist of fatty acids and glycerol, but they are not nutrients typically associated with bonding for formation. Nucleic acids do consist of nitrogenous bases, sugar, and phosphate groups, but they are not the correct match for the question.

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