Nursing Elites

1. What is the primary function of the large intestine?

• A. To digest food
• B. To absorb water and form feces
• C. To absorb proteins
• D. To regulate blood pressure

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The primary function of the large intestine is to absorb water from digested food and form feces for elimination. It does not primarily digest food, absorb proteins, or regulate blood pressure. Choice A is incorrect because the large intestine does not digest food but rather absorbs nutrients and water. Choice C is incorrect as the absorption of proteins primarily occurs in the small intestine. Choice D is incorrect as the regulation of blood pressure is not a primary function of the large intestine.

2. The number of protons in an atom is determined by its:

• A. Atomic mass
• B. Electron configuration
• C. Chemical properties
• D. Atomic number

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The number of protons in an atom is determined by its atomic number. The atomic number represents the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which also determines the element's identity. Therefore, the correct answer is (D) Atomic number. Choices (A) Atomic mass, (B) Electron configuration, and (C) Chemical properties are not directly related to the number of protons in an atom. Atomic mass is the total mass of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom. Electron configuration refers to the arrangement of electrons in an atom's energy levels, and chemical properties are determined by the arrangement of electrons in the outermost energy level.

3. What is the role of the pancreas in the digestive system?

• A. To store bile
• B. To secrete digestive enzymes
• C. To digest proteins
• D. To absorb nutrients

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To secrete digestive enzymes.' The pancreas plays a crucial role in the digestive system by secreting digestive enzymes that aid in breaking down food in the small intestine. These enzymes help in the digestion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, facilitating the absorption of nutrients from the digested food. Choice A is incorrect because the pancreas is not responsible for storing bile; the gallbladder stores bile. Choice C is incorrect because the pancreas secretes enzymes for protein digestion but does not digest proteins itself. Choice D is incorrect as the absorption of nutrients primarily occurs in the small intestine, not in the pancreas.

4. Which of the following immune cells are part of the innate immune response?

• A. B-cells
• B. Cytotoxic T-cells
• C. Natural Killer cells
• D. Antigen-Presenting Cells

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Natural Killer cells are a crucial component of the innate immune response. They play a significant role in defending against infected or cancerous cells through their ability to identify and kill abnormal cells. B-cells (Choice A) and Cytotoxic T-cells (Choice B) are part of the adaptive immune response, which involves a more specific and targeted response to pathogens. Antigen-Presenting Cells (Choice D) are also part of the adaptive immune response, where they present antigens to activate other immune cells.

5. Which process is characterized by nuclear fission?

• A. A heavy nucleus capturing a neutron and releasing energy
• B. The fusion of two nuclei to form a heavier element
• C. A lighter element emitting an alpha particle through radioactive decay
• D. An electron being absorbed by the nucleus with the release of a gamma ray

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Nuclear fission is the process where a heavy nucleus, like uranium-235, captures a neutron, leading to its division into two lighter nuclei. This process releases a substantial amount of energy in the form of heat and gamma rays. It is utilized in nuclear power plants and atomic bombs due to its capacity to produce significant energy. Choices B, C, and D describe different nuclear processes: fusion of two nuclei to form a heavier element, emission of alpha particles from a lighter element through radioactive decay, and absorption of an electron by the nucleus with the release of a gamma ray, respectively. These processes are distinct from nuclear fission and do not involve the splitting of heavy nuclei into lighter ones.

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