Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following molecules is an important component of the plasma membrane?

• A. Phospholipids
• B. Steroids
• C. Sugars
• D. Amino acids

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Phospholipids are indeed a crucial component of the plasma membrane. They have a unique structure with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, which allows them to form the lipid bilayer of the membrane. Steroids, sugars, and amino acids are not primary components of the plasma membrane. Steroids are a different type of lipid, sugars are often found in glycoproteins on the membrane surface, and amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, some of which are membrane proteins, but not the membrane itself.

2. Which of these is not an example of a lipid?

• A. Butter
• B. Wax
• C. Canola oil
• D. Honey

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Honey is not an example of a lipid because lipids are fat-related molecules that are insoluble in water, while honey is a natural sweet substance made by bees and primarily consists of sugars such as glucose and fructose. Butter, wax, and canola oil are examples of lipids as they are all composed of fat-related molecules that do not dissolve in water.

3. Which of the following is a protein?

• A. cellulose
• B. hemoglobin
• C. estrogen
• D. ATP

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'hemoglobin' because it is a protein that carries oxygen in the blood. Cellulose is a carbohydrate found in the cell walls of plants, not a protein. Estrogen is a hormone, not a protein. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a molecule that carries energy within cells, not a protein.

4. Two organisms live in a relationship from which both benefit. What is this called?

• A. Mutualism
• B. Parasitism
• C. Commensalism
• D. Competition

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Mutualism is a type of symbiotic relationship between two organisms in which both parties benefit from the association. It is a mutually beneficial interaction where both organisms gain something valuable, such as food, protection, or some other resource. This contrasts with parasitism, where one organism benefits at the expense of the other, commensalism, where one organism benefits while the other is unaffected, and competition, where both organisms are negatively affected by their interaction.

5. In an example of a male with hemophilia and a female carrier, what percentage of the offspring is predicted to be carriers only?

• A. 0%
• B. 25%
• C. 50%
• D. 100%

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the male offspring will inherit the X chromosome with the hemophilia gene from the mother, as males have one X chromosome inherited from their mother. The female offspring will inherit one normal X chromosome from the father and one X chromosome with the hemophilia gene from the mother, making them carriers of the hemophilia trait. Therefore, 50% of the offspring will be carriers only. Option A (0%) is incorrect as female offspring will inherit the X chromosome with the hemophilia gene from the mother. Option B (25%) is incorrect as the female offspring will not be unaffected. Option D (100%) is incorrect as not all offspring will be carriers, only the female offspring.

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