Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following statements is true about the immune system?

• A. The immune system is controlled by the hypothalamus.
• B. The immune system filters toxins out of the blood.
• C. The immune system stimulates the production of blood cells in response to infections.
• D. The immune system helps the body avoid, detect, and eliminate infections.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The immune system's primary function is to help the body avoid, detect, and eliminate infections. It does so by recognizing and responding to harmful pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, to maintain the body's health and well-being. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the immune system is not controlled by the hypothalamus, its main role is not to filter toxins out of the blood, and while it can stimulate the production of certain immune cells, it does not directly stimulate the production of blood cells in response to infections.

2. What is the process of cell division in somatic (most body) cells called?

• A. Mitosis
• B. Meiosis
• C. Respiration
• D. Cytogenesis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Mitosis is the correct answer. It is the process of cell division in somatic cells, leading to the formation of two identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Meiosis, on the other hand, is the type of cell division that occurs in sex cells, leading to the formation of gametes with half the number of chromosomes. Respiration is a completely different biological process related to energy production, and cytogenesis is not a recognized term for cell division.

3. Which of the following immune cells are part of the innate immune response?

• A. B-cells
• B. Cytotoxic T-cells
• C. Natural Killer cells
• D. Antigen-Presenting Cells

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Natural Killer cells are a crucial component of the innate immune response. They play a significant role in defending against infected or cancerous cells through their ability to identify and kill abnormal cells. B-cells (Choice A) and Cytotoxic T-cells (Choice B) are part of the adaptive immune response, which involves a more specific and targeted response to pathogens. Antigen-Presenting Cells (Choice D) are also part of the adaptive immune response, where they present antigens to activate other immune cells.

4. With which genotype would the recessive phenotype appear if the dominant allele is marked with 'A' and the recessive allele is marked with 'a'?

• A. AA
• B. aa
• C. Aa
• D. aA

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The recessive phenotype appears when an individual has two copies of the recessive allele. In this case, the recessive allele is marked with 'a.' Therefore, the genotype 'aa' would display the recessive phenotype as both alleles are recessive. Choice A (AA) has two dominant alleles, choice C (Aa) has one dominant and one recessive allele, and choice D (aA) represents the same genotype as Aa due to the principle of allele dominance.

5. Which of the following statements best describes Newton's first law of motion?

• A. An object in motion tends to stay in motion, and an object at rest tends to stay at rest unless acted upon by an external force.
• B. Force equals mass times acceleration.
• C. For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
• D. The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Newton's first law of motion, also known as the law of inertia, states that an object in motion will remain in motion, and an object at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by an external force. This principle highlights the concept of inertia, which is the tendency of objects to resist changes in their state of motion. Option A accurately captures this fundamental aspect of Newton's first law. Options B, C, and D describe Newton's second law, third law, and the relationship between force, acceleration, and mass, respectively. Therefore, options B, C, and D are incorrect as they pertain to different laws formulated by Newton.

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