Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is the primary physical barrier the body uses to prevent infection?

• A. mucus membranes
• B. stomach acid
• C. skin
• D. urine

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'C: skin.' The skin is the primary physical barrier the body uses to prevent infection. It acts as a protective shield that prevents harmful microorganisms from entering the body. The outer layer of the skin, known as the epidermis, acts as a tough physical barrier that blocks the entry of pathogens. Additionally, the skin has special immune cells that can help fight off invaders that manage to breach the physical barrier. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. While mucous membranes, stomach acid, and urine play important roles in the body's defense against pathogens, the primary physical barrier is the skin, which covers the entire body and provides a robust protective barrier.

2. Which of the following is an example of a long bone in the human body?

• A. Carpals
• B. Femur
• C. Tarsals
• D. Metacarpals

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Femur. The femur is the longest and strongest bone in the human body, located in the thigh region. Long bones are characterized by their elongated shape, such as the femur, which provides support, strength, and mobility. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because carpal bones (A) are short bones found in the wrist, tarsal bones (C) are short bones found in the ankle, and metacarpal bones (D) are classified as long bones, but they are shorter than the femur and mainly found in the hand.

3. How is power related to time?

• A. Power is inversely proportional to time
• B. Power is directly proportional to time
• C. Power is unrelated to time
• D. Power is the product of time and work

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Power is a measure of how quickly work is done or energy is transferred. It is defined as the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred. Power is not directly or inversely proportional to time, as it depends on the amount of work done or energy transferred, not the duration over which it is done. The relationship between power and time is not a direct one, so power is unrelated to time. Choice A and B are incorrect because power's relationship with time is not one of direct or inverse proportionality. Choice D is incorrect because power is not simply the product of time and work; it is the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred, which can vary independently of time.

4. Photons, the basic unit of light, are:

• A. Charged particles
• B. Packets of energy with wave-particle duality
• C. Electromagnetic waves only
• D. Always absorbed by matter

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Photons are not charged particles; they are packets of energy that exhibit wave-particle duality, meaning they can behave as both particles and waves. While photons are part of the electromagnetic spectrum, they are not electromagnetic waves themselves but rather discrete energy packets. They are not always absorbed by matter; they can be reflected, transmitted, or scattered.

5. Which of the following is the smallest part of an element that can still be recognized as that element?

• A. Electron
• B. Proton
• C. Neutron
• D. Atom

Correct answer: D

Rationale: An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains the chemical properties of an element. It consists of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons that orbit the nucleus. The number of protons in the nucleus defines the atomic number of the element, and the number of neutrons determines the isotope of the element. While electrons, protons, and neutrons are fundamental particles, an atom as a whole is the smallest part of an element that maintains its unique identity. Electrons are negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus, protons are positively charged particles in the nucleus, and neutrons are neutral particles in the nucleus. Therefore, the correct answer is 'D: Atom.'

Similar Questions