Nursing Elites

1. What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell?

• A. Protein synthesis
• B. DNA replication
• C. Cell division
• D. Lipid synthesis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Protein synthesis. Ribosomes are the cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis. They read the messenger RNA (mRNA) and translate the genetic information into specific proteins. This process is essential for building and maintaining the structures and functions of the cell. Choice B, DNA replication, is incorrect because ribosomes are not involved in replicating DNA; that process occurs in the nucleus. Choice C, cell division, is incorrect as ribosomes are not directly involved in cell division but rather in protein synthesis. Choice D, lipid synthesis, is also incorrect as ribosomes are not responsible for synthesizing lipids, which primarily occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and other organelles.

2. Which of the following structures is responsible for transmitting electrical impulses in the nervous system?

• A. Neuron
• B. Axon
• C. Myelin
• D. Dendrite

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Neuron. Neurons are specialized cells that transmit electrical impulses in the nervous system. While the axon is the part responsible for conducting these impulses over long distances, it is the neuron as a whole that is ultimately responsible for transmitting electrical impulses. Myelin is a fatty substance that surrounds and insulates axons, speeding up signal transmission. Dendrites, on the other hand, receive signals from other neurons. Therefore, although the axon plays a significant role in transmission, the neuron is the fundamental unit responsible for transmitting electrical impulses in the nervous system.

3. Which of the following organs is responsible for detoxifying chemicals and metabolizing drugs?

• A. Kidneys
• B. Liver
• C. Heart
• D. Pancreas

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Liver. The liver plays a crucial role in detoxifying chemicals and metabolizing drugs. It also produces bile for digestion. The liver contains enzymes that help metabolize drugs and toxins, making them easier for the body to eliminate. The kidneys are primarily responsible for filtering blood and regulating fluid balance, the heart's main function is to pump blood, and the pancreas produces digestive enzymes and hormones like insulin, but they do not have the primary function of detoxifying chemicals and metabolizing drugs.

4. What is the rigid structure that provides shape and support to plant cells?

• A. Cell wall
• B. Plasma membrane
• C. Nucleus
• D. Cytoplasm

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the cell wall, as it is the rigid structure that provides shape and support to plant cells. The cell wall is located outside the plasma membrane and is primarily composed of cellulose, giving it its rigid nature. The plasma membrane (option B) is a semi-permeable membrane surrounding the cell that regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell. The nucleus (option C) houses the cell's genetic material and controls cellular activities. Cytoplasm (option D) is the gel-like substance within the cell that surrounds organelles and where various cellular processes take place, but it does not provide the rigid structure and support that the cell wall does.

5. What is the function of the cell membrane?

• A. To protect the cell and control what enters and exits
• B. To store energy
• C. To produce proteins
• D. To synthesize lipids

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, serves as a protective barrier for the cell, separating the internal environment of the cell from the external environment. It is selectively permeable, meaning it controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell. This regulation of what enters and exits the cell is crucial for maintaining the cell's internal environment and ensuring proper functioning. Options B, C, and D are incorrect because storing energy, producing proteins, and synthesizing lipids are functions carried out by other cellular structures such as mitochondria, ribosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum, respectively, not the cell membrane.

Similar Questions