Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following vessels is responsible for transporting blood from the heart to the lungs?

• A. Pulmonary vein
• B. Pulmonary artery
• C. Aorta
• D. Superior vena cava

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Pulmonary artery. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart's right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation. This blood then undergoes the gas exchange process in the lungs, where carbon dioxide is removed, and oxygen is absorbed. The pulmonary vein, identified in choice A, carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart, which is the opposite direction of the blood flow specified in the question. Choice C, Aorta, is responsible for carrying oxygen-rich blood from the heart's left ventricle to the rest of the body, not to the lungs. Choice D, Superior vena cava, returns deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the heart's right atrium, but it does not transport blood specifically to the lungs as requested in the question.

2. Which part of the hair is not attached to the follicle?

• A. Bulb
• B. Root
• C. Shaft
• D. Strand

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, 'Shaft.' The hair shaft is the part of the hair that extends above the skin surface and is not attached to the follicle. The bulb and root are parts that are connected to the follicle as they are located below the skin surface and play a role in hair growth. The strand, on the other hand, refers to a single hair fiber and is not a distinct part of the hair anatomy.

3. What is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for higher functions like thinking, memory, and learning?

• A. Brainstem
• B. Cerebellum
• C. Cerebrum
• D. Thalamus

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The cerebrum is the correct answer. It is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for higher functions like thinking, memory, and learning. The brainstem (option A) is responsible for basic life functions such as breathing and heart rate, not higher cognitive functions. The cerebellum (option B) is responsible for coordination and balance, not higher cognitive functions. The thalamus (option D) acts as a relay station for sensory information, but it is not the largest part of the brain nor responsible for higher cognitive functions.

4. Which part of the neuron receives signals from other neurons and conducts them toward the cell body?

• A. Axon
• B. Dendrite
• C. Synapse
• D. Myelin sheath

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The dendrites are the part of the neuron that receives signals from other neurons and conducts them toward the cell body. They play a crucial role in gathering incoming signals and transmitting them to the cell body for processing. The axon, on the other hand, is responsible for carrying signals away from the cell body. The synapse is the point of connection between two neurons facilitating communication, while the myelin sheath is a protective layer surrounding the axon that aids in accelerating signal transmission.

5. Which vitamin is crucial for calcium absorption and synthesized in the skin upon sun exposure?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin C
• C. Vitamin D
• D. Vitamin E

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin D. Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption as it helps regulate calcium and phosphorus levels in the body. When the skin is exposed to sunlight, UVB rays convert a compound in the skin to vitamin D. This vitamin is vital for maintaining bone health and ensuring the overall calcium balance in the body. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Vitamin A is important for vision and immune function, Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis and immune function, and Vitamin E is an antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage by free radicals. However, none of these vitamins are primarily responsible for calcium absorption and synthesized in the skin upon sun exposure.

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