which of the following is part of the central nervous system

ATI TEAS 7

Practice Science TEAS Test

1. Which of the following is part of the central nervous system?

A. Spinal cord
B. Peripheral nerves
C. Brainstem
D. Cerebellum

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Spinal cord. The central nervous system comprises the brain and spinal cord. The spinal cord plays a crucial role in transmitting information between the brain and the body. Choices B, C, and D are not part of the central nervous system. Peripheral nerves belong to the peripheral nervous system, whereas the brainstem and cerebellum are components of the brain, distinct from the central nervous system.

2. What is the cycle of infection?

A. Reservoir host, means of exit, means of transmission, means of entrance, susceptible host
B. Entry point, transmission, replication, exit, susceptible host
C. Susceptible host, replication, transmission, entry, exit
D. Transmission, replication, entry, exit, susceptible host

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Reservoir host, means of exit, means of transmission, means of entrance, susceptible host.' This cycle of infection involves the pathogen starting in a reservoir host, exiting through a means, being transmitted to another host, entering the new host through a means, and ultimately infecting the susceptible host. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not follow the correct sequence of events in the cycle of infection.

3. Which of the following is NOT a common route of transmission for a sexually transmitted infection (STI)?

A. Unprotected sexual contact
B. Sharing contaminated needles
C. Deep kissing
D. Mother to child during childbirth

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A) Unprotected sexual contact is a common route of transmission for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) as many STIs are spread through genital, anal, or oral sex without the use of barrier protection such as condoms. B) Sharing contaminated needles can also transmit STIs such as HIV and hepatitis B and C, especially among individuals who inject drugs. C) Deep kissing, while it can transmit certain infections like herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) or cytomegalovirus (CMV), is not a common route of transmission for most STIs. Although some STIs can be transmitted through saliva, deep kissing is not a primary mode of transmission for most STIs. D) Mother to child transmission during childbirth can occur with certain STIs such as HIV, syphilis, and herpes, where the infection can be passed from the mother to the baby during delivery. Therefore, deep kissing (option C) is the correct answer as it is not a typical route of transmission for most STIs.

4. Which of these is NOT a function of the large intestine?

A. Absorbing water and electrolytes
B. Producing vitamins
C. Breaking down fiber
D. Eliminating waste products

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A) Absorbing water and electrolytes: The large intestine plays a crucial role in absorbing water and electrolytes from the indigestible food matter that passes through it. This helps in maintaining the body's fluid balance and preventing dehydration. B) Producing vitamins: While the large intestine contains bacteria that can produce some vitamins like vitamin K and certain B vitamins, the primary site for vitamin production is the small intestine and other organs like the liver. Therefore, producing vitamins is not a primary function of the large intestine. C) Breaking down fiber: The large intestine is responsible for breaking down fiber that was not digested in the small intestine. The bacteria in the large intestine ferment fiber, producing short-chain fatty acids that can be used as an energy source by the body. D) Eliminating waste products: One of the main functions of the large intestine is to eliminate waste products, including indigestible food matter, dead cells, and bacteria, from the body in the form of feces. Therefore, the correct answer is B, as producing vitamins is not a primary function of the large intestine.

5. Which element shares the same group (family) on the periodic table with helium (He)?

A. Neon (Ne)
B. Boron (B)
C. Carbon (C)
D. Oxygen (O)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Elements within the same group share similar electron configurations in their outermost shells, resulting in comparable chemical properties. Helium and Neon both belong to Group 18 (Noble Gases), explaining their similarities. Boron, Carbon, and Oxygen are not in the same group as Helium on the periodic table. Boron is in Group 13, Carbon is in Group 14, and Oxygen is in Group 16, which are different from Helium's Group 18.