Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is NOT one of the major types of bones in the human body?

• A. Dense bone
• B. Long bone
• C. Short bone
• D. Irregular bone

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Dense bone'. Dense bone is not a classification of bone types in the human body. The major types of bones include long, short, flat, and irregular bones. Long bones, like the femur, are characterized by being longer than they are wide. Short bones, such as those in the wrist (carpals) and ankle (tarsals), are generally cube-shaped. Flat bones, like the skull or scapula, are thin and provide protection. Irregular bones, such as the vertebrae, have complex shapes that do not fit into the other categories.

2. What is the term for the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance?

• A. Solubility
• B. Miscibility
• C. Immiscibility
• D. Reactivity

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Solubility is the property that describes the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance. When a substance is soluble in another, it means it can form a homogeneous solution by dispersing at a molecular level within the solvent. Miscibility, on the other hand, refers to the ability of two liquids to mix and form a homogeneous solution. Immiscibility indicates the inability of substances to mix to form a homogeneous solution. Reactivity pertains to the ability of a substance to undergo chemical reactions, which is distinct from the concept of solubility.

3. Which of the following is NOT a recognized mode of natural selection?

• A. Directional selection (favoring one extreme trait value on a spectrum)
• B. Disruptive selection (favoring both extreme trait values on a spectrum)
• C. Stabilizing selection (favoring the average trait value on a spectrum)
• D. Sexual selection (selection based on mate choice that influences reproductive success)

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A) Directional selection is a recognized mode of natural selection where one extreme trait value on a spectrum is favored over others, leading to a shift in the average trait value over time. B) Disruptive selection is a recognized mode of natural selection where both extreme trait values on a spectrum are favored over the average trait value, potentially causing the population to split into distinct groups. C) Stabilizing selection is a recognized mode of natural selection favoring the average trait value on a spectrum over extreme values, resulting in reduced genetic diversity. D) Sexual selection differs from traditional natural selection modes as it involves mate choice and competition for mates, not direct selection pressure on traits affecting survival and reproduction in the environment. Sexual selection can drive the evolution of traits enhancing an individual's attractiveness for mating purposes.

4. What property of a substance remains constant regardless of changes in its shape or size?

• A. Mass
• B. Weight
• C. Density
• D. Volume

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object and remains constant regardless of changes in its shape or size. Weight, density, and volume can all change depending on the conditions, but mass remains the same. For example, if you have a piece of clay and you shape it into a ball or flatten it into a pancake, the amount of clay (mass) will remain the same, even though the shape and size have changed. Weight is the force acting on an object due to gravity, which can vary depending on the gravitational pull. Density is the mass per unit volume, so it changes with variations in volume. Volume is the amount of space occupied by an object, which can change if the shape or size of the object is altered.

5. A collection of organs working together to perform a specific physiological function is known as a(n):

• A. Tissue
• B. Organ system
• C. Organelle
• D. Organ

Correct answer: B

Rationale: An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform specific functions in the body. Each organ within the system has a unique role, but they collaborate to achieve a common physiological function. This collaboration allows the body to carry out complex processes efficiently, demonstrating the interconnectedness and interdependence of different organs within the system. Choice A, 'Tissue,' refers to a group of cells that work together to perform a specific function, not a collection of organs. Choice C, 'Organelle,' is a subunit within a cell that has a specific function and is not a collection of organs. Choice D, 'Organ,' is a single structure composed of different tissues that performs a specific function, not a collection of organs working together.

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