Nursing Elites

1. After a person eats birthday cake, which of the following enzymes is needed to break down the sucrose in the cake?

• A. Lactase
• B. Maltase
• C. Peptidase
• D. Sucrase

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Sucrase is the correct enzyme needed to break down sucrose into its component sugars, glucose, and fructose. Lactase is responsible for breaking down lactose, maltase for maltose, and peptidase for proteins; therefore, they are not the enzymes required to digest sucrose specifically. In the context of digesting birthday cake, which contains sucrose, sucrase is the enzyme needed for this particular sugar.

2. What is the work done by a force of 20 N acting on an object that moves 5 meters in the direction of the force?

• A. 100 Joules (J)
• B. 25 Joules (J)
• C. 4 Joules (J)
• D. Work cannot be determined without knowing the object's mass.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The work done is calculated using the formula: Work = Force x Distance x cos(theta), where theta is the angle between the force and the direction of motion. In this case, the force and the direction of motion are in the same direction, so cos(theta) = 1. Therefore, Work = 20 N x 5 m x 1 = 100 Joules. Since the force and distance are given and are in the same direction, the work done can be directly calculated without needing to know the object's mass. Choice A, 100 Joules, is the correct answer as calculated. Choice B and C are incorrect as they do not correspond to the correct calculation. Choice D is incorrect because knowing the object's mass is not necessary to calculate work in this scenario, as work is dependent on force, distance, and the angle between them, not mass.

3. Which type of orbital can hold a maximum of 10 electrons?

• A. s orbital
• B. p orbital
• C. d orbital
• D. f orbital

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is the f orbital. Each f orbital can hold up to 2 electrons. Since there are 5 f orbitals, the total maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in f orbitals is 10 (2 electrons per orbital x 5 orbitals = 10 electrons). Therefore, the f orbital can hold a maximum of 10 electrons. Choice A, s orbital, is incorrect because it can hold a maximum of 2 electrons. Choice B, p orbital, is incorrect because it can hold a maximum of 6 electrons (3 orbitals x 2 electrons per orbital = 6 electrons). Choice C, d orbital, is incorrect as it can hold a maximum of 10 electrons (5 orbitals x 2 electrons per orbital = 10 electrons), but the question asks for the type of orbital that can hold a maximum of 10 electrons, not the total number of electrons in d orbitals.

4. Beta waves, associated with alertness and focused attention, typically fall within the range of:

• A. 0.5-4 Hz
• B. 4-8 Hz
• C. 8-13 Hz
• D. 13-30 Hz

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Beta waves, associated with alertness and focused attention, typically fall within the range of 13-30 Hz. These waves are present when individuals are engaged in cognitive tasks, problem-solving, or focused mental activities. Options A, B, and C are incorrect because these frequency ranges are not characteristic of beta waves. Beta waves are higher in frequency and are associated with more active mental states compared to the ranges mentioned in options A, B, and C. Therefore, the correct answer is 13-30 Hz (Choice D).

5. Which of the following terms means close to the trunk of the body?

• A. Superficial
• B. Sagittal
• C. Proximal
• D. Distal

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The term 'proximal' means situated close to the point of attachment or the center of the body, such as close to the trunk. In anatomical terms, proximal is used to describe locations that are closer to the body's center or point of reference. 'Superficial' refers to something situated near the surface, 'sagittal' refers to a plane that divides the body into left and right portions, and 'distal' refers to a position away from the center or point of reference. Therefore, 'proximal' is the correct term to indicate a position close to the trunk of the body.

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