Nursing Elites

1. What is the scientific term for a broken bone?

• A. Osteoporosis
• B. Fracture
• C. Sprain
• D. Dislocation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The scientific term for a broken bone is a fracture. Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by weak and brittle bones, not a broken bone. A sprain involves an injury to a ligament, not a bone. Dislocation occurs when the ends of bones are forced out of their normal positions at a joint, which is different from a fracture.

2. What property of a wave determines its loudness in sound waves?

• A. Amplitude
• B. Wavelength
• C. Frequency
• D. Speed

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Amplitude. Amplitude is the property of a wave that determines its loudness in sound waves. The greater the amplitude of a sound wave, the louder the sound will be perceived. Wavelength and frequency are related to the pitch of the sound, with wavelength affecting the tone quality and frequency determining the pitch. Speed, on the other hand, is a characteristic of how fast the wave travels through a medium and does not directly influence the loudness of the sound.

3. Which of the following anatomical terms is not part of the knee?

• A. Medial collateral ligament
• B. Patella
• C. Lateral malleolus
• D. Lateral meniscus

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The lateral malleolus is a bony prominence on the lateral side of the ankle and is not part of the knee anatomy. The other options - medial collateral ligament, patella, and lateral meniscus - are all structures within the knee joint. The medial collateral ligament is located on the inner side of the knee, the patella is the kneecap, and the lateral meniscus is a cartilage structure within the knee joint. Therefore, the correct answer is C, lateral malleolus.

4. Which hormone stimulates the release of pancreatic enzymes and bile?

• A. Gastrin
• B. Insulin
• C. Cholecystokinin (CCK)
• D. Glucagon

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Cholecystokinin (CCK) is the correct answer. It is the hormone that stimulates the release of pancreatic enzymes and bile. CCK is released by the small intestine in response to the presence of fats and proteins in the duodenum, triggering the release of digestive enzymes and bile to aid in the digestion of fats and proteins. Gastrin (Choice A) primarily stimulates gastric acid secretion, not the release of pancreatic enzymes and bile. Insulin (Choice B) regulates blood sugar levels by promoting glucose uptake. Glucagon (Choice D) raises blood glucose levels by stimulating the breakdown of glycogen in the liver.

5. Why is it essential to formulate a hypothesis before conducting an experiment?

• A. It will increase the investigator's reputation and prestige if their hypothesis is proven correct.
• B. The hypothesis helps guide the investigation by suggesting what the investigator should be looking for.
• C. Formulating a hypothesis shows potential sources of funding that the investigator has given some thought to the experiment.
• D. The hypothesis directs which results to keep and publish; results that do not match the hypothesis should be discarded.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Formulating a hypothesis before conducting an experiment is crucial because it helps guide the investigation by suggesting what the investigator should be looking for. A hypothesis serves as a prediction or an educated guess about what might happen in the experiment, providing a clear direction for the research process. It allows the investigator to focus on specific variables and outcomes, making the experiment more organized and effective. Choice A is incorrect because the primary purpose of a hypothesis is not to boost an investigator's reputation but to guide the research. Choice C is incorrect as formulating a hypothesis is not primarily about impressing funders but about setting a clear direction for the study. Choice D is incorrect because the hypothesis is not meant to dictate which results to keep based on preconceived notions but to guide the investigation and allow for unbiased interpretation of results.

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