Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is NOT a common route of transmission for a sexually transmitted infection (STI)?

• A. Unprotected sexual contact
• B. Sharing contaminated needles
• C. Deep kissing
• D. Mother to child during childbirth

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A) Unprotected sexual contact is a common route of transmission for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) as many STIs are spread through genital, anal, or oral sex without the use of barrier protection such as condoms. B) Sharing contaminated needles can also transmit STIs such as HIV and hepatitis B and C, especially among individuals who inject drugs. C) Deep kissing, while it can transmit certain infections like herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) or cytomegalovirus (CMV), is not a common route of transmission for most STIs. Although some STIs can be transmitted through saliva, deep kissing is not a primary mode of transmission for most STIs. D) Mother to child transmission during childbirth can occur with certain STIs such as HIV, syphilis, and herpes, where the infection can be passed from the mother to the baby during delivery. Therefore, deep kissing (option C) is the correct answer as it is not a typical route of transmission for most STIs.

2. What are the primary differences between systemic and pulmonary circulation?

• A. Systemic circulation is shorter and has lower blood pressure
• B. Pulmonary circulation is shorter and has higher blood pressure
• C. Systemic circulation is longer and has higher blood pressure
• D. Systemic circulation is shorter but has higher blood pressure

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Systemic circulation is longer as it involves carrying oxygenated blood throughout the body, requiring higher blood pressure. Pulmonary circulation is shorter and involves the flow of blood only through the lungs, hence having lower blood pressure. Therefore, systemic circulation is longer and has higher blood pressure compared to pulmonary circulation. Choice A is incorrect as systemic circulation is longer, not shorter, and has higher blood pressure. Choice B is incorrect as pulmonary circulation has lower blood pressure, not higher. Choice D is incorrect as systemic circulation is longer, not shorter, despite having higher blood pressure.

3. Which type of tissue connects muscles to bones?

• A. Ligaments
• B. Tendons
• C. Cartilage
• D. Muscles

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tendons. Tendons connect muscles to bones, not bones to muscles. They play a crucial role in transmitting the force generated by muscles to move bones, enabling movement. Ligaments (choice A) connect bones to bones, providing stability to joints. Cartilage (choice C) is a connective tissue found in joints, providing cushioning and flexibility. Muscles (choice D) are responsible for generating force through contraction but do not directly connect muscles to bones.

4. In which units is the speed of light in a vacuum measured?

• A. Meters per second
• B. Hertz
• C. Candela
• D. Newton

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The speed of light in a vacuum is commonly measured in units of meters per second. This is because the speed of light is approximately 299,792,458 meters per second in a vacuum, as defined by the International System of Units (SI). The speed of light is a measure of distance covered by light in a given time, hence it is expressed in meters per second. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Hertz is a unit of frequency, Candela is a unit of luminous intensity, and Newton is a unit of force. None of these units are relevant for measuring the speed of light, making 'Meters per second' the correct unit of measurement for the speed of light.

5. What is the molar mass of Ca(NO3)2?

• A. 74.1 g/mol
• B. 132.1 g/mol
• C. 164.1 g/mol
• D. 78.1 g/mol

Correct answer: B

Rationale: To calculate the molar mass of Ca(NO3)2, we add up the individual atomic masses of its elements: Ca (40.08) + 2N (2 * 14.01) + 6O (6 * 16.00) = 40.08 + 28.02 + 96.00 = 164.1 g/mol. Therefore, the correct answer is 164.1 g/mol (Choice C). Choice A (74.1 g/mol) is incorrect as it does not account for the correct sum of atomic masses. Choice B (132.1 g/mol) is the correct molar mass calculation for Ca(NO3)2. Choice D (78.1 g/mol) is incorrect and does not reflect the accurate molar mass of the compound.

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