Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?

• A. Removing substances from the blood.
• B. Releasing hormones.
• C. Combating disease.
• D. Maintaining tissue fluid balance.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Releasing hormones is not a function of the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system plays crucial roles in removing substances from the blood, combating disease through the production of immune cells, and maintaining tissue fluid balance by circulating lymph. Releasing hormones is primarily the function of endocrine glands, not the lymphatic system.

2. How many lobes does the right lung have?

• A. 1
• B. 2
• C. 3
• D. 4

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 3. The right lung consists of three lobes: the upper, middle, and lower lobes. This distinction is vital as the left lung only has two lobes, the upper and lower lobes. Understanding the anatomical variances between the lobes of the right and left lungs is crucial for comprehending respiratory physiology and its clinical implications in medical practice. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the right lung does not have 1, 2, or 4 lobes. It is essential to differentiate between the lobes of the right and left lungs to have a comprehensive understanding of pulmonary anatomy.

3. What are the tiny contractile units within muscle cells called?

• A. Myocytes
• B. Myofibrils
• C. Sarcomeres
• D. Tendons

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Sarcomeres are the smallest contractile units within muscle cells. They consist of overlapping filaments of actin and myosin proteins, which interact to produce muscle contractions. Myocytes are the entire muscle cells, myofibrils are bundles of protein filaments found within muscle cells, and tendons are tough connective tissues that connect muscles to bones. Therefore, sarcomeres specifically represent the contractile units responsible for muscle contraction, making them the correct answer in this context.

4. What energy transformation occurs when a guitar string vibrates to produce sound?

• A. Mechanical energy to thermal energy
• B. Kinetic energy to potential energy
• C. Electrical energy to sound energy
• D. Potential energy to kinetic energy

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. When a guitar string vibrates to produce sound, the energy transformation that occurs is from potential energy (stored energy in the string when it is stretched) to kinetic energy (energy of motion as the string vibrates back and forth). As the string vibrates, its kinetic energy is transferred to the surrounding air molecules, producing sound energy. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Choice A, mechanical energy to thermal energy, does not align with the energy transformation involved in producing sound from a vibrating guitar string. Choice B, kinetic energy to potential energy, is the opposite of what happens when a guitar string vibrates. Choice C, electrical energy to sound energy, is not relevant to the energy conversion process in this scenario.

5. In the human skeleton, which of the following lists some of the vertebrae in descending order?

• A. Atlas, axis, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx.
• B. Axis, sacral, coccyx, atlas, lumbar, thoracic.
• C. Thoracic, sacral, lumbar, axis, coccyx, atlas.
• D. Coccyx, lumbar, axis, sacral, thoracic, atlas.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct order of some of the vertebrae in the human skeleton in descending order is Atlas, Axis, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccyx. This sequence follows the typical arrangement from the top of the spine down towards the pelvis. Choice B is incorrect as it does not follow the descending order of vertebrae. Choice C is incorrect as it starts with Thoracic which is not the first vertebra in the descending order. Choice D is incorrect as it starts with Coccyx which is the last vertebra in the descending order.

Similar Questions