Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is another name for the voice box?

• A. Alveoli
• B. Larynx
• C. Trachea
• D. Pharynx

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, 'Larynx.' The larynx is commonly referred to as the voice box because it plays a crucial role in sound production. It contains vocal cords and functions in speech and singing. Choice A, 'Alveoli,' are small air sacs in the lungs involved in gas exchange. Choice C, 'Trachea,' is the windpipe that connects the larynx to the bronchi. Choice D, 'Pharynx,' is the throat area located behind the mouth and nasal cavity, responsible for the passage of food and air.

2. Which of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?

• A. Pulmonary artery
• B. Aorta
• C. Superior vena cava
• D. Inferior vena cava

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The aorta is the correct answer because it is the main artery in the body that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. The superior and inferior vena cava are veins that carry deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.

3. Which of the following best describes a plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions?

• A. Coronal
• B. Transverse
• C. Oblique
• D. Median

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Transverse. A transverse plane, also known as a horizontal plane, divides the body into upper and lower portions. This plane is perpendicular to the long axis of the body. Coronal planes divide the body into anterior and posterior portions. Oblique planes pass through the body at an angle, neither strictly horizontal nor vertical. The median plane passes longitudinally through the body, dividing it into equal left and right halves.

4. When a biologist describes the physical and visible expression of a genetic trait, which of the following is being referred to?

• A. Phenotype
• B. Allele
• C. Gamete
• D. Genotype

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Phenotype. Phenotype specifically refers to the observable physical characteristics resulting from the interaction of an individual's genetic makeup (genotype) with environmental influences. It represents the outward expression of an organism's genetic makeup. Allele, represented by choice B, refers to different forms of a gene and is not the visible expression of a trait. Gamete, represented by choice C, is a reproductive cell and not directly related to the physical expression of traits. Genotype, represented by choice D, refers to the genetic makeup of an organism and is distinct from the observable physical characteristics denoted by phenotype.

5. What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

• A. To digest food
• B. To transport nutrients
• C. To exchange gases
• D. To regulate body temperature

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: To exchange gases. The primary function of the respiratory system is to facilitate the exchange of gases, specifically oxygen and carbon dioxide, between the body and the environment. This process is essential for cellular respiration, where oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is removed. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Digesting food is primarily the function of the digestive system, transporting nutrients is the role of the circulatory system, and regulating body temperature is primarily managed by the integumentary system and the nervous system, not the respiratory system.

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