Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is a function of the liver?

• A. Producing digestive enzymes
• B. Storing bile
• C. Filtering waste products from the blood
• D. Transporting nutrients to cells

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct function of the liver is to store bile. Bile is produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder until it is needed to aid in the digestion of fats. While the liver does produce bile, its primary role is to store and release it. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Producing digestive enzymes is mainly the function of the pancreas, filtering waste products from the blood is primarily done by the kidneys, and transporting nutrients to cells is typically associated with the circulatory system rather than the liver.

2. Which of the following are examples of positive correlation?

• A. As rainfall increases, plant stem length decreases.
• B. As rainfall increases, roots show longer length.
• C. When plotting a comparison of rainfall to plant length, the line trends to the lower right.
• D. When plotting a comparison of rainfall to plant length, the line trends to the upper right.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Positive correlation indicates that as one variable increases, the other variable also increases. In this case, when plotting a comparison of rainfall to plant length, if the line trends to the upper right, it shows a positive correlation where as rainfall increases, plant length also increases. Choices A, B, and C show either no correlation or negative correlation, as they describe scenarios where the variables move in different or opposite directions.

3. Which of the following is responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to the body?

• A. Vein
• B. Artery
• C. Capillary
• D. Lymphatic vessel

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Artery. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body. Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart, capillaries are tiny blood vessels where gas exchange occurs, and lymphatic vessels are part of the lymphatic system, which is responsible for draining excess fluid from tissues and transporting white blood cells.

4. Which of the following accurately describes saltatory conduction?

• A. It is faster than normal nerve conduction
• B. It occurs from one node of Ranvier to the next
• C. It only occurs in myelinated neurons
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'All of the above.' Saltatory conduction is faster than normal nerve conduction, occurs from one node of Ranvier to the next, and is exclusive to myelinated neurons. This form of conduction allows for the rapid transmission of nerve impulses by the action potential jumping between the nodes of Ranvier in myelinated neurons, enhancing the efficiency of signal propagation along the axon. Choice A is correct as saltatory conduction is indeed faster than normal conduction. Choice B is accurate as it describes the mechanism of conduction 'jumping' from one node of Ranvier to the next. Choice C is correct because saltatory conduction occurs specifically in myelinated neurons where the myelin sheath insulates the axon except at the nodes of Ranvier, facilitating faster transmission of nerve impulses.

5. Cartilage, a type of connective tissue, provides flexible support in various structures. Which of these structures does NOT contain cartilage?

• A. Ears
• B. Joints
• C. Muscles
• D. Nose

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Cartilage is a type of connective tissue that provides flexible support in various structures. Ears, joints, and the nose all contain cartilage. Muscles, however, are made up of muscle tissue, not cartilage. Therefore, muscles do not contain cartilage. Choice A, ears, choice B, joints, and choice D, nose, are incorrect as they all contain cartilage. Choice C, muscles, is the correct answer as muscles are not composed of cartilage.

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