Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is a function of the liver?

• A. Producing digestive enzymes
• B. Storing bile
• C. Filtering waste products from the blood
• D. Transporting nutrients to cells

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct function of the liver is to store bile. Bile is produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder until it is needed to aid in the digestion of fats. While the liver does produce bile, its primary role is to store and release it. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Producing digestive enzymes is mainly the function of the pancreas, filtering waste products from the blood is primarily done by the kidneys, and transporting nutrients to cells is typically associated with the circulatory system rather than the liver.

2. What is the process by which ribosomes use transcribed RNA to assemble the required protein?

• A. Translation
• B. Transcription
• C. Replication
• D. Duplication

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Translation is the correct process where ribosomes decode mRNA to synthesize proteins, following the sequence of codons in the mRNA. During translation, ribosomes use the transcribed RNA (mRNA) as a template to assemble amino acids into a protein according to the genetic code carried by the mRNA. Choice B, Transcription, is incorrect as it is the process of synthesizing mRNA from a DNA template. Choice C, Replication, is also incorrect as it involves the duplication of DNA to produce an identical copy. Choice D, Duplication, is not a biological term related to protein synthesis, making it an incorrect choice.

3. Which gland produces the hormone responsible for regulating blood sugar levels?

• A. Pituitary gland
• B. Thyroid gland
• C. Pancreas
• D. Adrenal glands

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is the pancreas. The hormone responsible for regulating blood sugar levels is insulin, which is produced by the pancreas. The pituitary gland produces various hormones that regulate other endocrine glands, the thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism, and the adrenal glands produce hormones involved in the stress response. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect in the context of regulating blood sugar levels.

4. What is a primary function of red blood cells?

• A. To fight infection
• B. To carry oxygen
• C. To produce antibodies
• D. To transport waste

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The main function of red blood cells is to carry oxygen from the lungs to all the body's tissues and organs, where it is needed for cellular functions and metabolism. This process is essential for sustaining life and providing energy to cells. Choice A is incorrect because fighting infection is primarily done by white blood cells. Choice C is incorrect because antibody production is mainly carried out by specialized white blood cells. Choice D is incorrect as the primary role of red blood cells is not to transport waste, but rather to transport oxygen and some carbon dioxide.

5. The hypodermis is primarily composed of which tissue?

• A. Adipose
• B. Connective
• C. Epithelial
• D. Muscle

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The hypodermis, also known as the subcutaneous layer, is primarily composed of adipose (fat) tissue. Adipose tissue in the hypodermis serves as an insulator, energy reserve, and cushioning for the body. Choice B, Connective tissue, is a broad category that includes various types of tissue like adipose, but the hypodermis is specifically rich in adipose tissue. Choice C, Epithelial tissue, is not the primary component of the hypodermis; it is mainly found covering body surfaces and lining cavities. Choice D, Muscle tissue, is not a major component of the hypodermis; muscle tissue is mainly located deeper in the body and serves in movement and support functions.

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