Nursing Elites

1. What is the primary function of platelets in the blood?

• A. To carry oxygen
• B. To clot blood
• C. To fight infection
• D. To transport nutrients

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To clot blood.' Platelets play a crucial role in the clotting process, forming a plug at the site of blood vessel injury to prevent excessive bleeding. While red blood cells carry oxygen, white blood cells fight infection, and nutrients are transported by plasma, platelets are specifically responsible for blood clotting. Choice A is incorrect because red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen. Choice C is incorrect because white blood cells are primarily involved in fighting infection. Choice D is incorrect as the transport of nutrients is mainly carried out by plasma, not platelets.

2. What do ligaments connect?

• A. Muscle to muscle
• B. Bone to bone
• C. Bone to muscle
• D. Muscle to tendon

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Ligaments are fibrous connective tissues that connect bone to bone, providing stability and support to joints. They help prevent excessive movement in the joints and maintain proper alignment between bones during movement. Ligaments are not directly involved in connecting muscle to muscle, bone to muscle, or muscle to tendon. Choice A is incorrect because ligaments do not connect muscle to muscle. Choice C is incorrect as ligaments do not connect bone to muscle. Choice D is incorrect as ligaments do not connect muscle to tendon.

3. What is the maximum volume of air that the lungs can hold after a full forced inhalation?

• A. Inspiratory capacity
• B. Tidal volume
• C. Total lung capacity
• D. Vital capacity

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Total lung capacity is the correct term for the maximum volume of air that the lungs can hold after a full forced inhalation. It represents the sum of all lung volumes, including tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume. Inspiratory capacity refers to the maximum volume of air inspired from the end-expiratory level. Tidal volume is the volume of air inspired or expired during normal breathing. Vital capacity is the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation, not the total volume the lungs can hold.

4. What term refers to the point of contact between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber, where communication occurs to initiate muscle contraction?

• A. Sarcomere
• B. Synapse
• C. Tendon
• D. Myofibril

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, 'Synapse.' The synapse is the specific term that refers to the point of contact between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber, where communication occurs to initiate muscle contraction. At the synapse, neurotransmitters are released by the motor neuron, triggering the muscle fiber to contract. Choice A, 'Sarcomere,' is incorrect as a sarcomere is the basic unit of muscle contraction, not the point of contact between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. Choice C, 'Tendon,' is incorrect as tendons are fibrous connective tissues that connect muscle to bone, not involved in neuronal communication. Choice D, 'Myofibril,' is incorrect as a myofibril is a structure within muscle fibers where muscle contractions occur, not the specific point of contact for communication between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber.

5. How is inertia related to Newton's first law?

• A. Objects in motion stay in motion unless acted upon by an external force.
• B. Objects at rest stay at rest unless acted upon by an external force.
• C. An object's resistance to a change in its state of motion.
• D. The force required to lift an object.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Inertia is an object's resistance to a change in its state of motion, as described by Newton's first law. This means that an object will maintain its current state, whether it is stationary or moving at a constant velocity, unless it experiences an external force. Choices A and B illustrate specific instances of inertia where objects in motion or at rest continue as such without external interference. Option D refers to the force necessary to elevate an object, which is not directly linked to the concept of inertia.

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