Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is a common property of both acids and bases?

• A. React with metals to produce hydrogen gas
• B. Taste sour
• C. Turn blue litmus paper red
• D. Conduct electricity when dissolved in water

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Both acids and bases can conduct electricity when dissolved in water. Acids ionize in water to produce H+ ions, which can carry an electric current, while bases ionize to produce OH- ions, which also conduct electricity. The other options are not common properties of both acids and bases. Reacting with metals to produce hydrogen gas is characteristic of acids, tasting sour is a property of acids, and turning blue litmus paper red is a property of bases, not a common property shared by both.

2. Chyle, a milky white fluid, is transported by lymphatic vessels from the:

• A. Lungs
• B. Intestines
• C. Kidneys
• D. Skin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Chyle, a milky white fluid, is formed in the small intestine during digestion. It is composed of lymph and emulsified fats. Lymphatic vessels in the intestines, specifically lacteals, transport chyle from the intestines to the bloodstream for the distribution of nutrients throughout the body. The transport of chyle from the lungs, kidneys, or skin is not correct as these organs are not primarily involved in the production or transportation of chyle.

3. How does the respiratory system facilitate gas exchange between air and blood?

• A. Diffusion
• B. Exhalation
• C. Inspiration
• D. Ventilation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Diffusion.' Diffusion is the process by which gases are exchanged between air in the alveoli and blood in the capillaries. Oxygen moves from the alveoli into the blood, while carbon dioxide moves from the blood into the alveoli through diffusion. Exhalation is the process of expelling air from the lungs, inspiration is the process of inhaling air into the lungs, and ventilation refers to the overall movement of air in and out of the lungs. While these processes are essential for the respiratory system to function, they are not directly responsible for the gas exchange between air and blood, which is primarily achieved through diffusion.

4. Which of the following is a condition characterized by a loss of bone density and increased risk of fractures?

• A. Osteoarthritis
• B. Rickets
• C. Osteoporosis
• D. Scoliosis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by a loss of bone density, leading to fragile bones and an increased risk of fractures. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease affecting cartilage, Rickets is caused by a deficiency in vitamin D leading to impaired bone development, and Scoliosis is an abnormal sideways curvature of the spine. Therefore, the correct answer is osteoporosis as it specifically pertains to decreased bone density and fracture risk, distinguishing it from the other conditions listed.

5. What is the involuntary process of emptying the bladder called?

• A. Filtration
• B. Micturition
• C. Reabsorption
• D. Excretion

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Micturition, also known as urination or voiding, is the involuntary process of emptying the bladder. During micturition, the bladder muscle contracts, and the sphincter muscles relax, allowing urine to be expelled from the body. Filtration is the process of separating solids from liquids in the body, not related to emptying the bladder. Reabsorption involves absorbing substances back into the bloodstream, not related to emptying the bladder. Excretion is the process of eliminating waste products from the body, not specifically the process of emptying the bladder.

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