Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following indicates the body's draining of clear fluid throughout the body to protect it from infection?

• A. Pulmonary Loop
• B. Systemic Loop
• C. Lymphatic System
• D. Immune System

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, the Lymphatic System. The lymphatic system is responsible for draining clear fluid, known as lymph, throughout the body to protect it from infection. The other choices are incorrect because the pulmonary loop specifically refers to circulation between the heart and lungs, the systemic loop refers to circulation between the heart and the rest of the body, and the immune system is responsible for fighting infections and diseases rather than draining clear fluid.

2. Which muscular tube carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder?

• A. Nephron
• B. Ureter
• C. Urethra
• D. Glomerulus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ureter. The ureter is the muscular tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and producing urine. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. The glomerulus is a network of capillaries in the nephron where filtration of blood occurs.

3. What is the process by which a cell divides into two or more new cells?

• A. Mitosis
• B. Meiosis
• C. Both mitosis and meiosis
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Mitosis is the process by which a cell divides into two identical daughter cells. This type of cell division is essential for growth, repair, and maintenance of multicellular organisms. Meiosis, on the other hand, is a type of cell division that produces gametes (sperm and egg cells) with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Meiosis does not directly result in the formation of new cells, as it is specifically geared towards the production of reproductive cells. Therefore, the correct answer is A. Option C, stating both mitosis and meiosis, is incorrect because meiosis is not involved in the general process of cell division to produce new cells; it is specialized for gamete formation. Option D is incorrect because mitosis is indeed the process responsible for cell division in which one cell divides into two daughter cells, making it the accurate choice for this question.

4. What type of reaction is represented by the following equation: Fe2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) -> 2Fe (s) + 3H2O (g)?

• A. Combustion
• B. Decomposition
• C. Single displacement
• D. Redox reaction

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Single displacement. This reaction is a single displacement reaction because the iron (Fe) in Fe2O3 is displaced by the hydrogen (H) in H2 to form Fe and H2O. In single displacement reactions, one element replaces another in a compound. Choice A, Combustion, involves a reaction with oxygen typically producing heat, light, and often a flame. Choice B, Decomposition, is when a compound breaks down into simpler substances. Choice D, Redox reaction, involves both reduction and oxidation reactions happening simultaneously, which is not the case in the provided equation.

5. What accurately describes the Linnaean system of classification?

• A. It focuses on evolutionary relationships between organisms.
• B. It uses dichotomous keys for identification.
• C. It groups organisms based on shared functions.
• D. It emphasizes a hierarchical ranking system.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The Linnaean system of classification, developed by Carl Linnaeus, is based on a hierarchical ranking system where organisms are grouped into categories based on shared characteristics. This system organizes organisms into a hierarchy of increasingly specific categories, from broad to narrow, such as kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. The emphasis on a hierarchical ranking system allows for systematic organization and classification of a wide variety of organisms based on their similarities and differences, making it easier to study and understand the diversity of life forms. Choice A is incorrect because the Linnaean system is not primarily focused on evolutionary relationships but rather on shared characteristics for classification. Choice B is incorrect because dichotomous keys are tools used for identifying organisms, not the fundamental basis of the Linnaean system. Choice C is incorrect as the Linnaean system categorizes organisms based on shared characteristics, not shared functions.

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