Nursing Elites

1. From an anterior view, which of the following vessels carries blood away from the heart?

• A. Left common carotid artery
• B. Pulmonary trunk
• C. Subclavian arteries
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'All of the above.' When viewed from an anterior perspective, the left common carotid artery, pulmonary trunk, and subclavian arteries all carry blood away from the heart. The left common carotid artery supplies oxygenated blood to the head and neck, the pulmonary trunk carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation, and the subclavian arteries transport blood to the upper extremities. Therefore, all the vessels listed in the choices are correct as they function to carry blood away from the heart when viewed anteriorly.

2. During the process of oogenesis, primary oocytes produce:

• A. sperm.
• B. eggs.
• C. oogonia.
• D. stem cells.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: During the process of oogenesis, primary oocytes undergo meiosis to develop into secondary oocytes, which are the matured eggs released during ovulation for potential fertilization. Therefore, primary oocytes produce eggs, not sperm, oogonia, or stem cells, during oogenesis. Choice A (sperm) is incorrect as sperm is produced through spermatogenesis in males. Choice C (oogonia) is incorrect as oogonia are the cells that give rise to primary oocytes but are not the direct product of primary oocytes. Choice D (stem cells) is incorrect as primary oocytes do not directly produce stem cells during oogenesis.

3. What is the product of translation from an RNA template?

• A. DNA
• B. Lipid
• C. Polypeptide
• D. Carbohydrate

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Translation is the process by which the genetic information carried by mRNA is decoded to synthesize a polypeptide chain. This essential process occurs at the ribosomes within the cell. The product of translation from an RNA template is a polypeptide, not DNA, lipid, or carbohydrate. DNA is involved in transcription, lipids are not directly produced in translation, and carbohydrates are not synthesized through translation. Therefore, the correct product resulting from translation from an RNA template is a polypeptide, making choice C, 'Polypeptide,' the correct answer.

4. What term refers to the mechanical act of breathing?

• A. Diffusion
• B. Perfusion
• C. Respiration
• D. Ventilation

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Ventilation is the correct answer as it specifically refers to the mechanical process of breathing air in and out of the lungs. Diffusion (choice A) is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration, not related to the mechanical act of breathing. Perfusion (choice B) is the process of blood flow through the tissues and organs, not directly related to breathing mechanically. Respiration (choice C) involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the cellular level, different from the mechanical act of breathing.

5. What is the end result of mitosis in animal cells?

• A. The production of two identical daughter cells
• B. The production of four haploid cells
• C. The production of a single diploid cell
• D. The production of a single haploid cell

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Mitosis is a type of cell division specific to eukaryotic cells that results in the production of two identical daughter cells, each with the same genetic material as the parent cell. This process is crucial for growth, tissue repair, and maintaining a constant number of chromosomes in multicellular organisms. During mitosis, the replicated chromosomes are segregated into two separate nuclei, followed by the division of the cell into two identical daughter cells. Options B, C, and D are incorrect as mitosis does not lead to the production of four haploid cells, a single diploid cell, or a single haploid cell. The correct answer is A because mitosis results in the formation of two daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other and to the parent cell, allowing for growth and replacement of damaged cells in multicellular organisms.

Similar Questions