which of the following describes the muscular organ that processes food material into increasingly smaller pieces mixes it with saliva to create a bol

ATI TEAS 7

TEAS 7 Science Practice Test

1. Which of the following describes the muscular organ that processes food material into increasingly smaller pieces, mixes it with saliva to create a bolus, and creates a barrier to transport food into the esophagus?

A. pharynx
B. tongue
C. diaphragm
D. stomach

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The tongue is the muscular organ responsible for manipulating food material in the mouth, breaking it down into smaller pieces, and mixing it with saliva to form a bolus. It also plays a crucial role in pushing the food bolus towards the back of the mouth to facilitate swallowing and transport the food into the esophagus. The pharynx is involved in swallowing and directing food to the esophagus after it passes the mouth. The diaphragm is a muscle involved in the breathing process, not food processing. The stomach is an organ responsible for further digestion of food after it passes through the esophagus.

2. Which of the following is NOT a type of epithelium?

A. Stratified squamous
B. Simple cuboidal
C. Stratified columnar
D. Pseudostratified columnar

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Pseudostratified columnar. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium is not a type of epithelium. It is a specialized form of simple columnar epithelium. Stratified squamous, simple cuboidal, and stratified columnar are all types of epithelial tissues found in the human body. Stratified squamous epithelium is found in the skin, mouth, and esophagus; simple cuboidal epithelium lines kidney tubules and glands; stratified columnar epithelium is present in parts of the respiratory tract and male urethra.

3. Which of the following is NOT a major function of the respiratory system in humans?

A. It provides a large surface area for gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
B. It helps regulate the blood's pH.
C. It helps cushion the heart against jarring motions.
D. It is responsible for vocalization.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Option C, 'It helps cushion the heart against jarring motions,' is NOT a major function of the respiratory system in humans. The primary functions of the respiratory system include gas exchange, regulation of blood pH, and vocalization. The respiratory system does not play a role in cushioning the heart; that function is primarily carried out by the pericardium and other protective structures around the heart. Choices A, B, and D are major functions of the respiratory system in humans. Choice A refers to the respiratory system's role in gas exchange, Choice B highlights its involvement in regulating blood pH, and Choice D points out its responsibility for vocalization.

4. Which blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood from the body back to the right atrium of the heart?

A. Arteries
B. Veins
C. Capillaries
D. Venules

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Veins are the blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart. Arteries transport oxygenated blood away from the heart. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels where gas exchange occurs between blood and tissues. Venules are small veins that connect capillaries to larger veins, but they do not directly carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

5. Which of the following best defines the term amphoteric?

A. A substance that conducts electricity due to ionization when dissolved in a solvent
B. A substance that can act as an acid or a base depending on the properties of the solute
C. A substance that, according to the Brønsted-Lowry Acid-Base Theory, is a proton-donor
D. A substance that donates its proton and forms its conjugate base in a neutralization reaction

Correct answer: B

Rationale: An amphoteric substance can act as both an acid or a base depending on the environment. It can donate a proton (act as an acid) or accept a proton (act as a base), showing versatility in its behavior. Choice A is incorrect as it describes an electrolyte rather than an amphoteric substance. Choice C is incorrect as it defines an acid based on the Brønsted-Lowry Acid-Base Theory. Choice D is incorrect as it specifically refers to a substance donating a proton in a neutralization reaction, not capturing the dual behavior of an amphoteric substance.